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Targeted migration of the human cells was seen in ischemic animals, with many human cells migrating long distances (\u22481.2 mm) predominantly toward the lesion; in naive rats, cells migrated radially from the injection site in smaller number and over shorter distances (0.2 mm). The majority of migrating cells in ischemic rats had a neuronal phenotype. Migrating cells between the graft and the lesion expressed the neuroblast marker doublecortin, whereas human cells at the lesion border expressed the immature neuronal marker \u03b2-tubulin, although a small percentage of cells at the lesion border also expressed glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP). Thus, transplanted human CNS (hCNS)-derived neurospheres survived robustly in naive and ischemic brains, and the microenvironment influenced their migration and fate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404474101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,27]],"date-time":"2004-07-27T21:15:08Z","timestamp":1090962908000},"page":"11839-11844","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":511,"title":["Transplanted human fetal neural stem cells survive, migrate, and differentiate in ischemic rat cerebral cortex"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurology, Biological Sciences, and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; and StemCells, Inc., Palo Alto, CA 94304"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. 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