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When estrogen was given in both pulses (15 min to 2 h duration, and 5 h apart) lordosis was induced. Based on results from studies on neuroblastoma cells, we hypothesized that the membrane actions of estrogen in the first pulse would potentiate the genomic actions of estrogen in the second. This hypothesis was confirmed with the use of a membrane-impermeable estrogen. However, surprisingly, the order of the pulses could be reversed and still achieve lordosis behavior induction. Finally, activators of protein kinase A or PKC were effective substitutes for the membrane-limited pulse of estrogen. Thus, estrogen-induced membrane actions in the hypothalamus can potentiate its lordosis-inducing genomic actions on behavior and may be mediated by signaling pathways involving the activation of protein kinase A and PKC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404889101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,9]],"date-time":"2004-08-09T20:16:45Z","timestamp":1092082605000},"page":"12354-12357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":143,"title":["The membrane actions of estrogens can potentiate their lordosis behavior-facilitating genomic actions"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Lee-Ming","family":"Kow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald W.","family":"Pfaff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","first-page":"RE9","volume":"138","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cato, A. 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