{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T17:43:39Z","timestamp":1793036619127,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"37","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Naturally occurring DNA sequences can form noncanonical structures such as H-DNA, which are abundant and regulate the expression of several disease-linked genes. Here, we show that H-DNA-forming sequences are intrinsically mutagenic in mammalian cells. This finding suggests that DNA is a causative factor in mutagenesis and not just the end product. By using the endogenous H-DNA-forming sequence found in the human\n                    <jats:italic>c-myc<\/jats:italic>\n                    promoter, mutation frequencies in a reporter gene were increased \u224820-fold over background in COS-7 cells. H-DNA-induced double-strand breaks (DSBs) were detected near the H-DNA locus. The structures of the mutants revealed microhomologies at the breakpoints, consistent with a nonhomologous end-joining repair of the DSBs. These results implicate H-DNA-induced DSBs in\n                    <jats:italic>c-myc<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene translocations in diseases such as Burkitt's lymphoma and t(12;15) BALB\/c plasmacytomas, where most breakpoints are found near the H-DNA-forming site. Thus, our findings suggest that H-DNA is a source of genetic instability resulting from DSBs and demonstrate that naturally occurring DNA sequences are mutagenic in mammals, perhaps contributing to genetic evolution and disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0405116101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,2]],"date-time":"2004-09-02T03:05:59Z","timestamp":1094094359000},"page":"13448-13453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":179,"title":["Naturally occurring H-DNA-forming sequences are mutagenic in mammalian cells"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Guliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park-Research Division, 1808 Park Road 1-C, Smithville, TX 78957"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen M.","family":"Vasquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park-Research Division, 1808 Park Road 1-C, Smithville, TX 78957"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/248765a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.6.2875"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"159","volume":"66","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bowater, R. P. & Wells, R. D. (2001) Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol. 66, 159\u2013202.11051764","journal-title":"Prog. Nucleic Acid Res. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Sinden R. R. 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