{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T10:44:41Z","timestamp":1788864281073,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"37","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of extracellular calcium such that abnormalities, which result in a loss or gain of function, lead to hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia, respectively, in patients. Mice carrying CaSR knockout alleles develop hypercalcemia that mimics the disorders observed in humans. To date, there is no mouse model for an activating CaSR mutation. Here, we describe such a mouse model, named Nuf, originally identified for having opaque flecks in the nucleus of the lens in a screen for eye mutants. Nuf mice also display ectopic calcification, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and inappropriately reduced levels of plasma parathyroid hormone. These features are similar to those observed in patients with autosomal dominant hypocalcemia. Inheritance studies of Nuf mice revealed that the trait was transmitted in an autosomal-dominant manner, and mapping studies located the locus to chromosome 16, in the vicinity of the CaSR gene (Mouse Genome Database symbol\n                    <jats:italic>Gprc2a<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). DNA sequence analysis revealed the presence of a\n                    <jats:italic>Gprc2a<\/jats:italic>\n                    missense mutation, Leu723Gln. Transient expression of wild-type and mutant CaSRs in human embryonic kidney 293 cells demonstrated that the mutation resulted in a gain of function of the CaSR, which had a significantly lower EC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Thus, our results have identified a mouse model for an activating CaSR mutation, and the development of ectopic calcification and cataract formation, which tended to be milder in the heterozygote Nuf mice, indicates that an evaluation for such abnormalities in autosomal dominant hypocalcemia patients who have activating CaSR mutations is required.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0405516101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,7]],"date-time":"2004-09-07T03:34:00Z","timestamp":1094528040000},"page":"13566-13571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Activating calcium-sensing receptor mutation in the mouse is associated with cataracts and ectopic calcification"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Tertius A.","family":"Hough","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, United Kingdom; GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Human Genetics, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; and Academic Endocrine Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debora","family":"Bogani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, United Kingdom; GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Human Genetics, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; and Academic Endocrine Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Cheeseman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, United Kingdom; GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Human Genetics, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; and Academic Endocrine Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Favor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, United Kingdom; GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Human Genetics, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; and Academic Endocrine Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Andrew","family":"Nesbit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, United Kingdom; GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Human Genetics, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; and Academic Endocrine Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh V.","family":"Thakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, United Kingdom; GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Human Genetics, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; and Academic Endocrine Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary F.","family":"Lyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, United Kingdom; GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Human Genetics, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; and Academic Endocrine Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2001.81.1.239"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000185516"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.200.2.295"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1154"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/366575a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00489.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1295-389"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0792-295"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90617-Y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1194-303"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199610103351505"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000025781.16723.68"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09842-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI17416"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(94)00198-E"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003350010099"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00335-001-2066-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00335-002-2188-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/379445a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M401797200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02128-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.4.1.70-74.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.85.12.7035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"619","volume":"18","year":"2003","unstructured":"Silva, I., Cebotaru, V., Wang, H., Wang, X., Wang, S., Guo, G., Devuyst, O., Thakker, R. V., Guggino, W. B. & Guggino, S. E. (2003) J. Bone Miner. Res. 18, 619\u2013623.","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","unstructured":"Maronpot R. R. (1999) Pathology of the Mouse Reference and Atlas (Cache River Press Vienna IL)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.6553"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.2002.1184"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","first-page":"6033","volume":"4","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hejtmancik, J. F., Kaiser, M. I. & Piatigorsky, J. (2001) in The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Bone Diseases, eds. Scriver, C. R., Beaudet, A. L., Sly, N. S., Valle, D., Childs, B., Kinzle, K. W. & Vogelstein, B. (McGraw\u2013Hill, New York), Vol. 4, pp. 6033\u20136061.","journal-title":"The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Bone Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.2002.2033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0013"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.0405516101","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T09:35:13Z","timestamp":1649756113000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.0405516101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,3]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"37","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.0405516101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0405516101","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2004-09-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}