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By using precision global-positioning-system loggers, we show that homing pigeons (\n                    <jats:italic>Columba livia<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) not only come to rely on highly stereotyped yet surprisingly inefficient routes within the local area but are attracted directly back to their individually preferred routes even when released from novel sites off-route. This precise route loyalty demonstrates a reliance on familiar landmarks throughout the flight, which was unexpected under current models of avian navigation. We discuss how visual landmarks may be encoded as waypoints within familiar route maps.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0406984101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,30]],"date-time":"2004-11-30T20:14:05Z","timestamp":1101845645000},"page":"17440-17443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":139,"title":["Familiar route loyalty implies visual pilotage in the homing pigeon"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Dora","family":"Biro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Meade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Guilford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.2001.9522786"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/anbe.2003.2054"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papi F. ed. 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