{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:42:28Z","timestamp":1790775748542,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"46","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The Arp2\/3 complex, a highly conserved nucleator of F-actin polymerization, plays a key role in the regulation of actin dynamics eukaryotic cells. In animal cells and yeasts, Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASP)\/suppressor of cAMP receptor (Scar)\/WASP family verprolin homologous (WAVE) family proteins activate the Arp2\/3 complex in response to localized cues. Like other eukaryotes, plants have an Arp2\/3 complex, which has recently been shown to play an important role in F-actin organization and cell morphogenesis. However, no activators of the Arp2\/3 complex have been identified in plants, which lack obvious homologs of WASP\/Scar\/WAVE family proteins. Here, we identify a family of Scar\/WAVE-related plant Arp2\/3 activators. Like Scar\/WAVE proteins, four proteins identified in\n                    <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic>\n                    (AtSCAR1 to AtSCAR4) and one in maize (ZmSCAR1) have a C-terminal WASP homology 2 (WH2)\/acidic (WA)-verprolin homology\/cofilin homology\/acidic (VCA)-like domain, which we show can activate the bovine Arp2\/3 complex. At their N termini, AtSCAR1 to ATSCAR4, along with a fifth protein lacking a VCA\/WA-like domain at its C terminus (At4g18600), are related to the N-terminal Scar homology domains of Scar\/WAVE family proteins. Analysis of gene expression patterns suggests functional redundancy among members of the\n                    <jats:italic>AtSCAR<\/jats:italic>\n                    family. Full-length AtSCAR1 and ATSCAR3 proteins and their Scar homology domains bind\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    to AtBRICK 1 (AtBRK1), the\n                    <jats:italic>Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic>\n                    homolog of HSPC300, a WAVE-binding protein recently identified as a component of a complex implicated in the regulation of Scar\/WAVE activity. Thus, AtSCAR proteins are likely to function in association with AtBRK1, and perhaps other\n                    <jats:italic>Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic>\n                    homologs of WAVE complex components, to regulate activation of the Arp2,3 complex\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407392101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,8]],"date-time":"2004-11-08T20:25:16Z","timestamp":1099945516000},"page":"16379-16384","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Activation of Arp2\/3 complex-dependent actin polymerization by plant proteins distantly related to Scar\/WAVE"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Mary","family":"Frank","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116; and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coumaran","family":"Egile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116; and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Dyachok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116; and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stevan","family":"Djakovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116; and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Nolasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116; and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116; and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurie G.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0116; and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00120-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(02)00015-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.18.040202.112133"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006247600932"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.103.028563"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(03)00493-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.011676"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"3137","volume":"130","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mathur, J., Mathur, N., Kirik, V., Kernebeck, B., Srinivas, B. P. & Hulskamp, M. (2003) Development (Cambridge, U.K.) 130, 3137-3146.","journal-title":"Development (Cambridge, U.K.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2004.02065.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00859"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0400628101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb0404-279"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)01351-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.06.062"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"4345","volume":"131","year":"2004","unstructured":"Basu, D., El-Assal, S. E., Le, J., Mallery, E. L. & Szymanski, D. B. (2004) Development (Cambridge, U.K.) 131, 4345-4355.","journal-title":"Development (Cambridge, U.K.)"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2004.06.065"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.104.023739"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90119-B"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.146.6.1319"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-679X(08)60661-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(03)00540-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35010008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.7.3739"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.0894"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(00)00050-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.124.4.1637"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2004.04.007"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.0407392101","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T13:30:19Z","timestamp":1649770219000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.0407392101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,8]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"46","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,16]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.0407392101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0407392101","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1023033.265669","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2004-07-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2004-11-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}