{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:56:32Z","timestamp":1791204992000,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"26","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The\n                    <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    immunodominant protein, CagA, is associated with severe gastritis and carcinoma. Injection of CagA into gastric epithelial cells by type IV secretion leads to actin-cytoskeletal rearrangements and cell scattering. CagA has been reported to have no role in the induction of transcription factor NF-\u03baB and IL-8, which are crucial determinants for chronic inflammation. Here, we provide several lines of evidence showing that CagA is able to induce IL-8 in a time- and strain-dependent manner. We also show that by exchanging specific\n                    <jats:italic>cagA<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes, high IL-8-inducing\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains could be converted into low inducing strains and vice versa. Our results suggest that IL-8 release induced by CagA occurs via a Ras\u2192Raf\u2192Mek\u2192Erk\u2192NF-\u03baB signaling pathway in a Shp-2- and c-Met-independent manner. Thus, CagA is a multifunctional protein capable of effecting both actin remodeling and potentiation of chemokine release.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409873102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,21]],"date-time":"2005-06-21T20:34:22Z","timestamp":1119386062000},"page":"9300-9305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":455,"title":["NF-\u03baB activation and potentiation of proinflammatory responses by the\n                    <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n                    CagA protein"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Sabine","family":"Brandt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry","family":"Kwok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Hartig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"K\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Backert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35100529"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(02)00013-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02761"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(02)02334-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1131"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.3.1487-1495.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2002.00222.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.4.2108-2120.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5418.1328"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35073084"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc703"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro955"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.130079797"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.48.10.967"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.5.2401","volume":"160","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sharma, S. 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