{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T07:10:21Z","timestamp":1791011421519,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    There is substantial scientific evidence to support the\n notion that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has contaminated\n human beings, causing variant Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease (vCJD). This\n disease has raised concerns about the possibility of an iatrogenic\n secondary transmission to humans, because the biological properties of\n the primate-adapted BSE agent are unknown. We show that\n (\n                    <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) BSE can be transmitted from primate to primate by\n intravenous route in 25 months, and (\n                    <jats:italic>ii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) an iatrogenic\n transmission of vCJD to humans could be readily recognized\n pathologically, whether it occurs by the central or peripheral route.\n Strain typing in mice demonstrates that the BSE agent adapts to\n macaques in the same way as it does to humans and confirms that the BSE\n agent is responsible for vCJD not only in the United Kingdom but also\n in France. The agent responsible for French iatrogenic growth\n hormone-linked CJD taken as a control is very different from vCJD but\n is similar to that found in one case of sporadic CJD and one sheep\n scrapie isolate. These data will be key in identifying the origin of\n human cases of prion disease, including accidental vCJD transmission,\n and could provide bases for vCJD risk assessment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.041490898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:44:19Z","timestamp":1027680259000},"page":"4142-4147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"title":["Adaptation of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent to primates and comparison with Creutzfeldt\u2013 Jakob disease: Implications for human health"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Corinne Ida","family":"Lasm\u00e9zas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'Energie Atomique, Service de\r Neurovirologie, Direction des Sciences du Vivant\/D\u00e9partement de\r Recherche Medicale, Centre de Recherches du Service de Sant\u00e9 des\r Arm\u00e9es 60-68, Avenue du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Leclerc, BP 6, 92 265\r Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; H\u00f4pital\r Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, 59, Boulevard Pinel, 69003 Lyon,\r France; Laboratoire de Neuropathologie, H\u00f4pital de\r la Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 83, Boulevard de l'H\u00f4pital, 75013\r Paris, France; Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob Disease Surveillance\r Unit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Guy","family":"Fournier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'Energie Atomique, Service de\r Neurovirologie, Direction des Sciences du Vivant\/D\u00e9partement de\r Recherche Medicale, Centre de Recherches du Service de Sant\u00e9 des\r Arm\u00e9es 60-68, Avenue du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Leclerc, BP 6, 92 265\r Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; H\u00f4pital\r Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, 59, Boulevard Pinel, 69003 Lyon,\r France; Laboratoire de Neuropathologie, H\u00f4pital de\r la Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 83, Boulevard de l'H\u00f4pital, 75013\r Paris, France; Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob Disease Surveillance\r Unit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginie","family":"Nouvel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'Energie Atomique, Service de\r Neurovirologie, Direction des Sciences du Vivant\/D\u00e9partement de\r Recherche Medicale, Centre de Recherches du Service de Sant\u00e9 des\r Arm\u00e9es 60-68, Avenue du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Leclerc, BP 6, 92 265\r Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; H\u00f4pital\r Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, 59, Boulevard Pinel, 69003 Lyon,\r France; Laboratoire de Neuropathologie, H\u00f4pital de\r la Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 83, Boulevard de l'H\u00f4pital, 75013\r Paris, France; Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob Disease Surveillance\r Unit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Boe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'Energie Atomique, Service de\r Neurovirologie, Direction des Sciences du Vivant\/D\u00e9partement de\r Recherche Medicale, Centre de Recherches du Service de Sant\u00e9 des\r Arm\u00e9es 60-68, Avenue du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Leclerc, BP 6, 92 265\r Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; H\u00f4pital\r Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, 59, Boulevard Pinel, 69003 Lyon,\r France; Laboratoire de Neuropathologie, H\u00f4pital de\r la Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 83, Boulevard de l'H\u00f4pital, 75013\r Paris, France; Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob Disease Surveillance\r Unit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dom\u00edn\u00edque","family":"Marc\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'Energie Atomique, Service de\r Neurovirologie, Direction des Sciences du Vivant\/D\u00e9partement de\r Recherche Medicale, Centre de Recherches du Service de Sant\u00e9 des\r Arm\u00e9es 60-68, Avenue du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Leclerc, BP 6, 92 265\r Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; H\u00f4pital\r Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, 59, Boulevard Pinel, 69003 Lyon,\r France; Laboratoire de Neuropathologie, H\u00f4pital de\r la Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 83, Boulevard de l'H\u00f4pital, 75013\r Paris, France; Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob Disease Surveillance\r Unit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Lamoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'Energie Atomique, Service de\r Neurovirologie, Direction des Sciences du Vivant\/D\u00e9partement de\r Recherche Medicale, Centre de Recherches du Service de Sant\u00e9 des\r Arm\u00e9es 60-68, Avenue du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Leclerc, BP 6, 92 265\r Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; H\u00f4pital\r Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, 59, Boulevard Pinel, 69003 Lyon,\r France; Laboratoire de Neuropathologie, H\u00f4pital de\r la Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 83, Boulevard de l'H\u00f4pital, 75013\r Paris, France; Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob Disease Surveillance\r Unit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Kopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'Energie Atomique, Service de\r Neurovirologie, Direction des Sciences du Vivant\/D\u00e9partement de\r Recherche Medicale, Centre de Recherches du Service de Sant\u00e9 des\r Arm\u00e9es 60-68, Avenue du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Leclerc, BP 6, 92 265\r Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; H\u00f4pital\r Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, 59, Boulevard Pinel, 69003 Lyon,\r France; Laboratoire de Neuropathologie, H\u00f4pital de\r la Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 83, Boulevard de l'H\u00f4pital, 75013\r Paris, France; Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob Disease Surveillance\r Unit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Jacques","family":"Hauw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'Energie Atomique, Service de\r Neurovirologie, Direction des Sciences du Vivant\/D\u00e9partement de\r Recherche Medicale, Centre de Recherches du Service de Sant\u00e9 des\r Arm\u00e9es 60-68, Avenue du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Leclerc, BP 6, 92 265\r Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; H\u00f4pital\r Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, 59, Boulevard Pinel, 69003 Lyon,\r France; Laboratoire de Neuropathologie, H\u00f4pital de\r la Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 83, Boulevard de l'H\u00f4pital, 75013\r Paris, France; Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob Disease Surveillance\r Unit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Ironside","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'Energie Atomique, Service de\r Neurovirologie, Direction des Sciences du Vivant\/D\u00e9partement de\r Recherche Medicale, Centre de Recherches du Service de Sant\u00e9 des\r Arm\u00e9es 60-68, Avenue du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Leclerc, BP 6, 92 265\r Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; H\u00f4pital\r Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, 59, Boulevard Pinel, 69003 Lyon,\r France; Laboratoire de Neuropathologie, H\u00f4pital de\r la Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 83, Boulevard de l'H\u00f4pital, 75013\r Paris, France; Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob Disease Surveillance\r Unit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moira","family":"Bruce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'Energie Atomique, Service de\r Neurovirologie, Direction des Sciences du Vivant\/D\u00e9partement de\r Recherche Medicale, Centre de Recherches du Service de Sant\u00e9 des\r Arm\u00e9es 60-68, Avenue du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Leclerc, BP 6, 92 265\r Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; H\u00f4pital\r Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, 59, Boulevard Pinel, 69003 Lyon,\r France; Laboratoire de Neuropathologie, H\u00f4pital de\r la Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 83, Boulevard de l'H\u00f4pital, 75013\r Paris, France; Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob Disease Surveillance\r Unit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Dormont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'Energie Atomique, Service de\r Neurovirologie, Direction des Sciences du Vivant\/D\u00e9partement de\r Recherche Medicale, Centre de Recherches du Service de Sant\u00e9 des\r Arm\u00e9es 60-68, Avenue du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Leclerc, BP 6, 92 265\r Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; H\u00f4pital\r Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, 59, Boulevard Pinel, 69003 Lyon,\r France; Laboratoire de Neuropathologie, H\u00f4pital de\r la Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 83, Boulevard de l'H\u00f4pital, 75013\r Paris, France; Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob Disease Surveillance\r Unit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Philippe","family":"Deslys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'Energie Atomique, Service de\r Neurovirologie, Direction des Sciences du Vivant\/D\u00e9partement de\r Recherche Medicale, Centre de Recherches du Service de Sant\u00e9 des\r Arm\u00e9es 60-68, Avenue du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Leclerc, BP 6, 92 265\r Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France; H\u00f4pital\r Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, 59, Boulevard Pinel, 69003 Lyon,\r France; Laboratoire de Neuropathologie, H\u00f4pital de\r la Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 83, Boulevard de l'H\u00f4pital, 75013\r Paris, France; Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob Disease Surveillance\r Unit..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)91412-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/381743a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9975(68)90006-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/39057"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/383685a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/38925"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.26.15137"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.7.4046"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35020688"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)12075-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2000.0961"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90638-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)62163-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/386232a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-76-8-2097"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"87","volume-title":"Slow Transmissible Diseases of the Nervous System","author":"Gibbs C J","year":"1979","unstructured":"C J Gibbs, D C Gajdusek, H Amyx Slow Transmissible Diseases of the Nervous System, eds S B Prusiner, W J Hadlow (Academic, New York) 2, 87\u2013110 (1979)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92046-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1997.tb01182.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5298.402"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.12.9685-9689.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1995.tb00580.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-77-7-1601"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","volume-title":"Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in Great Britain","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in Great Britain (Minist. 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