{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T19:32:35Z","timestamp":1791142355674,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n                    secretes two bipartite toxins thought to be involved in anthrax pathogenesis and resulting death of the host. The current model for intoxication is that protective antigen (PA) toxin subunits bind a single group of cell-surface anthrax toxin receptors (ATRs), encoded by the\n                    <jats:italic>tumor endothelial marker 8<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>TEM8<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) gene. The ATR\/TEM8-PA interaction is mediated by the receptor's extracellular domain related to von Willebrand factor type A or integrin inserted domains (VWA\/I domains). A metal ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) located within this domain of the ATR\/TEM8 protein chelates a divalent cation critical for PA binding. In this report, we identify a second PA receptor encoded by\n                    <jats:italic>capillary morphogenesis gene 2<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>CMG2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), which has 60% amino acid identity to ATR\/TEM8 within the VWA\/I domain, as well as a conserved MIDAS motif. A recombinant CMG2 protein bound PA and mediated toxin internalization when expressed on receptor-deficient cells. Binding between the CMG2 VWA\/I domain and PA was shown to be direct and metal-dependent, although the cation specificity of this interaction is different than that observed with ATR\/TEM8. Northern blot analysis revealed that CMG2 is widely expressed in human tissues, indicating that this receptor is likely to be relevant for disease pathogenesis. Finally, a soluble version of the CMG2 VWA\/I domain inhibited intoxication of cells expressing endogenous toxin receptors when it was added to PA at a 3:1 ratio. These studies distinguish CMG2 as a second anthrax toxin receptor and identify a potent antitoxin that may prove useful for the treatment of anthrax.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0431098100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,29]],"date-time":"2003-04-29T12:23:56Z","timestamp":1051619036000},"page":"5170-5174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":526,"title":["Human capillary morphogenesis protein 2 functions as an anthrax toxin receptor"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Heather M.","family":"Scobie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. Jonah A.","family":"Rainey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth A.","family":"Bradley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A. T.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.17.2236"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.55.1.647"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2000.00052.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi015860m"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200211018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi972657b"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)38364-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/385833a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/n35101999"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5482.1197"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"6649","volume":"61","author":"Carson-Walter E B","year":"2001","unstructured":"E B Carson-Walter, D N Watkins, A Nanda, B Vogelstein, K W Kinzler, B St Croix Cancer Res 61, 6649\u20136655 (2001).","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M210321200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e02-05-0259"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biophys.31.101101.140922"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.114.15.2755"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02375.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M006316200"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.0431098100","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T14:06:19Z","timestamp":1649772379000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.0431098100"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,16]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,29]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.0431098100"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0431098100","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1013712.191673","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2003-02-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2003-02-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2003-04-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}