{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:30:17Z","timestamp":1781105417323,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,14]]},"abstract":"\n The larva of the tortoise beetle,\n Hemisphaerota\n cyanea<\/jats:italic>\n (Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae), constructs a thatch from\n long filamentous fecal strands, beneath which it is totally concealed.\n The thatch is not discarded at molting but is enlarged by addition of\n strands as the larva grows. Thatch construction begins when the larva\n hatches from the egg. Pupation occurs beneath the thatch. Two\n predators, a coccinellid beetle larva (\n Cycloneda\n sanguinea<\/jats:italic>\n ) and a pentatomid bug (\n Stiretrus\n anchorago<\/jats:italic>\n ), were shown to be thwarted by the thatch. However,\n one predator, a carabid beetle (\n Calleida viridipennis<\/jats:italic>\n ),\n feeds on the larva by either forcing itself beneath the thatch or\n chewing its way into it. The attack behavior is stereotyped, suggesting\n that the beetle feeds on\n Hemisphaerota<\/jats:italic>\n larvae as a\n matter of routine.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.050002197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:38:21Z","timestamp":1027679901000},"page":"2632-2636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Defensive use of a fecal thatch by a beetle larva (\n Hemisphaerota cyanea<\/i>\n )"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Eisner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University,\r Ithaca, NY 14853"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Eisner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University,\r Ithaca, NY 14853"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020821507014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1940069"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-1781-4_24"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Chrysomelidae Biology, Ecological Studies,","author":"Olmstead K L","year":"1996","unstructured":"K L Olmstead Chrysomelidae Biology, Ecological Studies,, eds P H Jolivet, M L Cox (SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam) 2, 3\u201321 (1996)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.158.3807.1471"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-1781-4_21"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"168","volume":"4","author":"Beshear R J","year":"1969","unstructured":"R J Beshear J Georgia Entomol Soc 4, 168\u2013170 (1969).","journal-title":"J Georgia Entomol Soc"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"42","volume":"102","author":"Deyrup M","year":"1993","unstructured":"M Deyrup, T Eisner Nat Hist 102, 42\u201347 (1993).","journal-title":"Nat Hist"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-1781-4_20"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-1781-4_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"42","volume":"30","author":"Engel H","year":"1935","unstructured":"H Engel Z Morph Oekol Tiere 30, 42\u201396 (1935).","journal-title":"Z Morph Oekol Tiere"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-5973-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022382931766"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00001800"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3616620"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"42","volume":"75","author":"Eisner T","year":"1966","unstructured":"T Eisner Nat Hist 75, 42\u201347 (1966).","journal-title":"Nat Hist"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.14.6716"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.73.4.1365"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.3.1108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.030532797"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.050002197","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T10:23:44Z","timestamp":1649759024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.050002197"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,18]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,3,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.050002197"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.050002197","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2000-01-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2000-02-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}