{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T10:45:07Z","timestamp":1791110707614,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"24","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Asian tarsiid and sivaladapid primates maintained relictual distributions in southern Asia long after the extirpation of their close Holarctic relatives near the Eocene\u2013Oligocene boundary. We report here the discovery of amphipithecid and eosimiid primates from Oligocene coastal deposits in Pakistan that demonstrate that stem anthropoids also survived in southern Asia beyond the climatic deterioration that characterized the Eocene\u2013Oligocene transition. These fossils provide data on temporal and paleobiogeographic aspects of early anthropoid evolution and significantly expand the record of stem anthropoid evolution in the Paleogene of South Asia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503469102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,3]],"date-time":"2005-06-03T20:24:58Z","timestamp":1117830298000},"page":"8436-8441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Anthropoid primates from the Oligocene of Pakistan (Bugti Hills): Data on early anthropoid evolution and biogeography"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Laurent","family":"Marivaux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Pal\u00e9ontologie, Institut des Sciences de l'\u00c9volution de Montpellier, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche\u2013Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5554, c.c. 064, Universit\u00e9 Montpellier II, Place Eug\u00e8ne Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France; Laboratoire des M\u00e9canismes de Transfert en G\u00e9ologie, Institut des Sciences de la Terre, 14 Avenue \u00c9douard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France; Earth Sciences Division, Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Garden Avenue, Shakarparian, 44000 Islamabad,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Olivier","family":"Antoine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Pal\u00e9ontologie, Institut des Sciences de l'\u00c9volution de Montpellier, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche\u2013Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5554, c.c. 064, Universit\u00e9 Montpellier II, Place Eug\u00e8ne Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France; Laboratoire des M\u00e9canismes de Transfert en G\u00e9ologie, Institut des Sciences de la Terre, 14 Avenue \u00c9douard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France; Earth Sciences Division, Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Garden Avenue, Shakarparian, 44000 Islamabad,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Rafiqul Hassan","family":"Baqri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Pal\u00e9ontologie, Institut des Sciences de l'\u00c9volution de Montpellier, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche\u2013Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5554, c.c. 064, Universit\u00e9 Montpellier II, Place Eug\u00e8ne Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France; Laboratoire des M\u00e9canismes de Transfert en G\u00e9ologie, Institut des Sciences de la Terre, 14 Avenue \u00c9douard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France; Earth Sciences Division, Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Garden Avenue, Shakarparian, 44000 Islamabad,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mouloud","family":"Benammi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Pal\u00e9ontologie, Institut des Sciences de l'\u00c9volution de Montpellier, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche\u2013Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5554, c.c. 064, Universit\u00e9 Montpellier II, Place Eug\u00e8ne Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France; Laboratoire des M\u00e9canismes de Transfert en G\u00e9ologie, Institut des Sciences de la Terre, 14 Avenue \u00c9douard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France; Earth Sciences Division, Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Garden Avenue, Shakarparian, 44000 Islamabad,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaowalak","family":"Chaimanee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Pal\u00e9ontologie, Institut des Sciences de l'\u00c9volution de Montpellier, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche\u2013Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5554, c.c. 064, Universit\u00e9 Montpellier II, Place Eug\u00e8ne Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France; Laboratoire des M\u00e9canismes de Transfert en G\u00e9ologie, Institut des Sciences de la Terre, 14 Avenue \u00c9douard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France; Earth Sciences Division, Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Garden Avenue, Shakarparian, 44000 Islamabad,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Yves","family":"Crochet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Pal\u00e9ontologie, Institut des Sciences de l'\u00c9volution de Montpellier, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche\u2013Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5554, c.c. 064, Universit\u00e9 Montpellier II, Place Eug\u00e8ne Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France; Laboratoire des M\u00e9canismes de Transfert en G\u00e9ologie, Institut des Sciences de la Terre, 14 Avenue \u00c9douard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France; Earth Sciences Division, Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Garden Avenue, Shakarparian, 44000 Islamabad,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dario","family":"de Franceschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Pal\u00e9ontologie, Institut des Sciences de l'\u00c9volution de Montpellier, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche\u2013Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5554, c.c. 064, Universit\u00e9 Montpellier II, Place Eug\u00e8ne Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France; Laboratoire des M\u00e9canismes de Transfert en G\u00e9ologie, Institut des Sciences de la Terre, 14 Avenue \u00c9douard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France; Earth Sciences Division, Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Garden Avenue, Shakarparian, 44000 Islamabad,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nayyer","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Pal\u00e9ontologie, Institut des Sciences de l'\u00c9volution de Montpellier, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche\u2013Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5554, c.c. 064, Universit\u00e9 Montpellier II, Place Eug\u00e8ne Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France; Laboratoire des M\u00e9canismes de Transfert en G\u00e9ologie, Institut des Sciences de la Terre, 14 Avenue \u00c9douard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France; Earth Sciences Division, Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Garden Avenue, Shakarparian, 44000 Islamabad,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Jacques","family":"Jaeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Pal\u00e9ontologie, Institut des Sciences de l'\u00c9volution de Montpellier, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche\u2013Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5554, c.c. 064, Universit\u00e9 Montpellier II, Place Eug\u00e8ne Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France; Laboratoire des M\u00e9canismes de Transfert en G\u00e9ologie, Institut des Sciences de la Terre, 14 Avenue \u00c9douard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France; Earth Sciences Division, Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Garden Avenue, Shakarparian, 44000 Islamabad,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gr\u00e9goire","family":"M\u00e9tais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Pal\u00e9ontologie, Institut des Sciences de l'\u00c9volution de Montpellier, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche\u2013Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5554, c.c. 064, Universit\u00e9 Montpellier II, Place Eug\u00e8ne Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France; Laboratoire des M\u00e9canismes de Transfert en G\u00e9ologie, Institut des Sciences de la Terre, 14 Avenue \u00c9douard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France; Earth Sciences Division, Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Garden Avenue, Shakarparian, 44000 Islamabad,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghazala","family":"Roohi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Pal\u00e9ontologie, Institut des Sciences de l'\u00c9volution de Montpellier, Unit\u00e9 Mixte de Recherche\u2013Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5554, c.c. 064, Universit\u00e9 Montpellier II, Place Eug\u00e8ne Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France; 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