{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:40:07Z","timestamp":1790822407843,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"49","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    (group A Streptococcus) causes severe invasive infections including scarlet fever, pharyngitis (streptococcal sore throat), skin infections, necrotizing fasciitis (flesh-eating disease), septicemia, erysipelas, cellulitis, acute rheumatic fever, and toxic shock. The conversion from nonpathogenic to toxigenic strains of\n                    <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    is frequently mediated by bacteriophage infection. One of the key bacteriophage-encoded virulence factors is a putative \u201chyaluronidase,\u201d HylP1, a phage tail-fiber protein responsible for the digestion of the\n                    <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    hyaluronan capsule during phage infection. Here we demonstrate that HylP1 is a hyaluronate lyase. The 3D structure, at 1.8-\u00c5 resolution, reveals an unusual triple-stranded \u03b2-helical structure and provides insight into the structural basis for phage tail assembly and the role of phage tail proteins in virulence. Unlike the triple-stranded \u03b2-helix assemblies of the bacteriophage T4 injection machinery and the tailspike endosialidase of the\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    K1 bacteriophage K1F, HylP1 possesses three copies of the active center on the triple-helical fiber itself without the need for an accessory catalytic domain. The triple-stranded \u03b2-helix is not simply a structural scaffold, as previously envisaged; it is harnessed to provide a 200-\u00c5-long substrate-binding groove for the optimal reduction in hyaluronan viscosity to aid phage penetration of the capsule.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504782102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,28]],"date-time":"2005-11-28T20:34:10Z","timestamp":1133210050000},"page":"17652-17657","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Structure of a group A streptococcal phage-encoded virulence factor reveals a catalytically active triple-stranded \u03b2-helix"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Nicola L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Biology Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom; and York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO31 5YW, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Biology Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom; and York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO31 5YW, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna-Marie","family":"Lindsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Biology Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom; and York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO31 5YW, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon J.","family":"Charnock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Biology Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom; and York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO31 5YW, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan P.","family":"Turkenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Biology Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom; and York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO31 5YW, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor J.","family":"Dodson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Biology Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom; and York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO31 5YW, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gideon J.","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Biology Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom; and York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO31 5YW, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary W.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Biology Research Group, School of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom; and York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO31 5YW, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.3.470"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"167","volume":"41","year":"1927","unstructured":"Frobisher, M. & Brown, J. (1927) Bull. Johns Hopkins Hospital 41, 167\u2013173.","journal-title":"Bull. Johns Hopkins Hospital"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408419009105728"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.46.2.531-536.1984"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.6.2805-2811.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.57.2.533-539.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(03)00086-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03580.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1096703"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.7.3782-3786.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.11.5592-5597.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(00)01793-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2185544"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.3.1440-1443.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.071559398"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.8.3015-3020.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20020149"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2004.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb874"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2004.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)93574-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3550155"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/10.4.393"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","unstructured":"Leslie A. G. W. (1992) in Joint CCP4 and ESF-EACMB Newsletter on Protein Crystallography eds. Wolf W. M. and Wilson K. S. (Daresbury Lab. Warrington U.K.) Vol. 26 ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444994003112"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444902011678"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444992007698"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444996012255"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/8263"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1093-3263(97)00021-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3480465"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-44-5-372"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1994.1521"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M204999200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2000.5204"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/415553a"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8023158"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8502994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1999.3292"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2003.12.071"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(03)00755-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6215(97)00171-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889891004399"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.0504782102","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T13:12:24Z","timestamp":1649769144000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.0504782102"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,28]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"49","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.0504782102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0504782102","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2005-06-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2005-11-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}