{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T03:20:23Z","timestamp":1792898423526,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Tenosynovial giant-cell tumor (TGCT) and pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) are related conditions with features of both reactive inflammatory disorders and clonal neoplastic proliferations. Chromosomal translocations involving chromosome 1p13 have been reported in both TGCT and PVNS. We confirm that translocations involving 1p13 are present in a majority of cases of TGCT and PVNS and show that\n                    <jats:italic>CSF1<\/jats:italic>\n                    is the gene at the chromosome 1p13 breakpoint. In some cases of both TGCT and PVNS,\n                    <jats:italic>CSF1<\/jats:italic>\n                    is fused to\n                    <jats:italic>COL6A3<\/jats:italic>\n                    (2q35). The\n                    <jats:italic>CSF1<\/jats:italic>\n                    translocations result in overexpression of\n                    <jats:italic>CSF1<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In cases of TGCT and PVNS carrying this translocation, it is present in a minority of the intratumoral cells, leading to\n                    <jats:italic>CSF1<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression only in these cells, whereas the majority of cells express\n                    <jats:italic>CSF1R<\/jats:italic>\n                    but not\n                    <jats:italic>CSF1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , suggesting a tumor-landscaping effect with aberrant\n                    <jats:italic>CSF1<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression in the neoplastic cells, leading to the abnormal accumulation of nonneoplastic cells that form a tumorous mass.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507321103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,6]],"date-time":"2006-01-06T20:49:23Z","timestamp":1136580563000},"page":"690-695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":506,"title":["A landscape effect in tenosynovial giant-cell tumor from activation of CSF1 expression by a translocation in a minority of tumor cells"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Robert B.","family":"West","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195; Department of Pathology and Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 3X7; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University Cancer Institute, Portland, OR..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian P.","family":"Rubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195; Department of Pathology and Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 3X7; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University Cancer Institute, Portland, OR..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melinda A.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195; Department of Pathology and Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 3X7; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University Cancer Institute, Portland, OR..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subbaya","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195; Department of Pathology and Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 3X7; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University Cancer Institute, Portland, OR..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulsah","family":"Kaygusuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195; Department of Pathology and Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 3X7; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University Cancer Institute, Portland, OR..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelli","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195; Department of Pathology and Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 3X7; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University Cancer Institute, Portland, OR..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirley","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195; Department of Pathology and Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 3X7; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University Cancer Institute, Portland, OR..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Marinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195; Department of Pathology and Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 3X7; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University Cancer Institute, Portland, OR..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"De Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195; Department of Pathology and Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 3X7; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University Cancer Institute, Portland, OR..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erinn","family":"Downs-Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195; Department of Pathology and Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 3X7; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University Cancer Institute, Portland, OR..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Goldblum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195; Department of Pathology and Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 3X7; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University Cancer Institute, Portland, OR..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher L.","family":"Corless","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305; Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195; Department of Pathology and Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 3X7; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; and Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University Cancer Institute, Portland, OR..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick O.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305; 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