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Cortistatin treatment significantly ameliorated the clinical and histopathologic severity of the inflammatory colitis, abrogating body weight loss, diarrhea, and inflammation and increased the survival rate of the colitic mice. The therapeutic effect was associated with down-regulation of inflammatory and Th1-driven autoimmune response, including the regulation of a wide spectrum of inflammatory mediators. In addition, a partial involvement of regulatory IL-10-secreting T cells in this therapeutic effect was demonstrated. Importantly, cortistatin treatment was therapeutically effective in established colitis and avoided the recurrence of the disease. This work identifies cortistatin as an antiinflammatory factor with the capacity to deactivate the intestinal inflammatory response and restore mucosal immune tolerance at multiple levels. Consequently, cortistatin represents a multistep therapeutic approach for the treatment of Crohn\u2019s disease and other Th1-mediated inflammatory diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508997103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,7]],"date-time":"2006-03-07T21:43:05Z","timestamp":1141767785000},"page":"4228-4233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Cortistatin, an antiinflammatory peptide with therapeutic action in inflammatory bowel disease"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Elena","family":"Gonzalez-Rey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, 18100 Granada, Spain; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nieves","family":"Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, 18100 Granada, Spain; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir F.","family":"Sheibanie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejo","family":"Chorny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, 18100 Granada, Spain; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doina","family":"Ganea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07102"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, 18100 Granada, Spain; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70381-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"81","volume":"3","author":"Hanauer S. 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