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It is critical to understand the relative contribution of viral mimicry versus antigen signaling to the production of these cells because EBV encodes proteins that can affect the surface phenotype of infected cells and provide both T cell help and B cell receptor signals in the absence of cognate antigen. To address these questions we have developed a technique to identify single EBV-infected cells in the peripheral blood and examine their expressed Ig genes. The genes were all isotype-switched and somatically mutated. Furthermore, the mutations do not cause stop codons and display the pattern expected for antigen-selected memory cells based on their frequency, type, and location within the Ig gene. We conclude that latently infected peripheral blood B cells display the molecular hallmarks of classical antigen-selected memory B cells. Therefore, EBV does not disrupt the normal processing of latently infected cells into memory, and deviations from normal B cell biology are not tolerated in the infected cells. This article provides definitive evidence that EBV in the peripheral blood persists in true memory B cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0509311102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,5]],"date-time":"2005-12-05T20:35:19Z","timestamp":1133814919000},"page":"18093-18098","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Peripheral B cells latently infected with Epstein\u2013Barr virus display molecular hallmarks of classical antigen-selected memory B cells"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Tatyana A.","family":"Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111; Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111; and Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Biotech II, Suite 318, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. 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