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In congestive heart failure, AVP is part of a neuroendocrine imbalance that is responsible for progressive worsening of the disease. Employing\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    selection techniques, RNA aptamers that bind to the unnatural\n                    <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                    -configuration of AVP were isolated. The best aptamer displayed an affinity to\n                    <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                    -AVP of \u2248560 pM at 37\u00b0C. The corresponding Spiegelmer, a 38-mer mirror-image oligonucleotide (\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    -RNA) termed NOX-F37, inhibits vasopressin-dependent activation of V\n                    <jats:sub>1a<\/jats:sub>\n                    as well as V\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors with IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values of 6.1 nM and 1 nM, respectively. NOX-F37 administered to healthy rats effectively neutralized AVP and increased diuresis dose-dependently for 24 h. The mode of action was strictly aquaretic, i.e., the increase in urine volume was not accompanied by an increase in electrolytes. These results clearly prove the\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    efficacy of NOX-F37 and points out its potential as a drug in the treatment of diseases that are associated with body fluid overload.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0509663103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,17]],"date-time":"2006-03-17T20:34:25Z","timestamp":1142627665000},"page":"5173-5178","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["An\n                    <scp>l<\/scp>\n                    -RNA-based aquaretic agent that inhibits vasopressin\n                    <i>in<\/i>\n                    <i>vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Werner G.","family":"Purschke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NOXXON Pharma AG, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Eulberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NOXXON Pharma AG, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Buchner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NOXXON Pharma AG, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Vonhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NOXXON Pharma AG, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Klussmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NOXXON Pharma AG, Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","first-page":"63","volume":"28","author":"Zimmerman E. 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