{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:32:13Z","timestamp":1781105533198,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Development of the\n                    <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                    vulva serves as a paradigm for intercellular signaling during animal development. In wild-type animals, the somatic gonadal anchor cell generates the LIN-3\/EGF ligand to induce vulval fates in the underlying hypodermis, whereas FBF, FOG-1, and FOG-3 control germ-line development. Here we report that FBF functions redundantly with FOG-1 and FOG-3 to control vulval induction: animals lacking FBF and either FOG-1 or FOG-3 have multiple vulvae, the Muv phenotype. The\n                    <jats:italic>fog; fbf<\/jats:italic>\n                    Muv phenotype is generated by aberrant induction of vulval precursor cells (VPCs): in wild-type animals, three VPCs are induced to form a single vulva, but, in\n                    <jats:italic>fog; fbf<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutants, four or five VPCs are typically induced, resulting in ectopic vulvae. Laser ablation experiments and mosaic analyses demonstrate that the germ line is critical for the\n                    <jats:italic>fog; fbf<\/jats:italic>\n                    Muv phenotype. Consistent with that site of action, we detect FBF and FOG-1 in the germ line but not in the VPCs. The simplest interpretation is that FOG-1, FOG-3, and FBF act in the germ line to influence vulval fates. The LIN-3\/EGF ligand may be the germ-line signal to the VPCs: the\n                    <jats:italic>fog; fbf<\/jats:italic>\n                    Muv phenotype depends on LIN-3 activity, and the\n                    <jats:italic>lin-3<\/jats:italic>\n                    3\u2032 UTR possesses an FBF binding element. Our findings reveal new insights into germ line-to-soma signals and the role of PUF proteins in animal development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0510264103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,5]],"date-time":"2006-01-05T20:39:45Z","timestamp":1136493585000},"page":"620-625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Germ-line induction of the\n                    <i>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i>\n                    vulva"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Beth E.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Biochemistry, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liana B.","family":"Lamont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Biochemistry, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Kimble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Biochemistry, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","unstructured":"Sternberg P. 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