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Disruption of the\n                    <jats:italic>Galectin-3<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene blocks myofibroblast activation and procollagen (I) expression\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , markedly attenuating liver fibrosis. Addition of exogenous recombinant Galectin-3\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    reversed this abnormality. The reduction in hepatic fibrosis observed in the\n                    <jats:italic>Galectin-3<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mouse occurred despite equivalent liver injury and inflammation, and similar tissue expression of TGF-\u03b2. TGF-\u03b2 failed to transactivate\n                    <jats:italic>Galectin-3<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    hepatic stellate cells, in contrast with WT hepatic stellate cells; however, TGF-\u03b2-stimulated Smad-2 and -3 activation was equivalent. These data suggest that Galectin-3 is required for TGF-\u03b2 mediated myofibroblast activation and matrix production. Finally,\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    siRNA knockdown of Galectin-3 inhibited myofibroblast activation after hepatic injury and may therefore provide an alternative therapeutic approach to the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0511167103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,20]],"date-time":"2006-03-20T20:44:26Z","timestamp":1142887466000},"page":"5060-5065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":576,"title":["Galectin-3 regulates myofibroblast activation and hepatic fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Neil C.","family":"Henderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, EH16 4SA Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison C.","family":"Mackinnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, EH16 4SA Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah L.","family":"Farnworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, EH16 4SA Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francoise","family":"Poirier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Genetique et Developpement des Mammiferes, Institut Jacques Monod, 2, Place Jussieu, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco P.","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, EH16 4SA Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Iredale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, EH16 4SA Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Haslett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, EH16 4SA Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth J.","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, EH16 4SA Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tariq","family":"Sethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, EH16 4SA Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80426-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. 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