{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:42:59Z","timestamp":1781106179049,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Keratins 14 and 5 are the structural hallmarks of the basal\n keratinocytes of the epidermis and outer root sheath (ORS) of the hair\n follicle. Their genes are controlled in a tissue-specific manner and\n thus serve as useful tools to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms\n involved in keratinocyte-specific transcription. Previously we\n identified several keratinocyte-specific DNase I hypersensitive sites\n (HSs) in the 5\u2032 regulatory sequences of the K14 gene and showed that a\n 700-bp regulatory domain encompassing HSs II and III can confer\n epidermal and ORS-specific gene expression in transgenic mice\n                    <jats:italic>in\n vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Although HS II harbored much of the transactivation\n activity\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , it was not sufficient to restrict\n expression to keratinocytes\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We now explore the\n HS III regulatory element. Surprisingly, this element on its own\n confers gene expression to the keratinocytes of the inner root sheath\n (IRS) of the hair follicle, whereas a 275-bp DNA fragment containing\n both HSs II and III shifts the expression from the IRS to the basal\n keratinocytes and ORS\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Electrophoretic\n mobility-shift assays and mutational studies of HSs III reveal a role\n for CACCC-box binding proteins, Sp1 family members, and other factors\n adding to the list of previously described factors that are involved in\n keratinocyte-specific gene expression. These studies highlight a\n cooperative interaction of the two HSs domains and strengthen the\n importance of combinatorial play of transcription factors that govern\n keratinocyte-specific gene regulation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.051633598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:45:09Z","timestamp":1027680309000},"page":"2455-2460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Identification and dissection of an enhancer controlling epithelial gene expression in skin"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Satrajit","family":"Sinha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Genetics\r and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Genetics\r and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.1993.Supplement_17.28"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cb.11.110195.001011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"359","volume":"52","author":"Stark H J","year":"1990","unstructured":"H J Stark, D Breitkreutz, A Limat, C M Ryle, D Roop, I Leigh, N Fusenig Eur J Cell Biol 52, 359\u2013372 (1990).","journal-title":"Eur J Cell 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