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Normal melanocytes do not undergo apoptosis in response to MAPK inhibition but arrest in the G\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    phase of the cell cycle. Importantly,\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    treatment of human melanoma xenograft tumors in athymic nude mice with LeTx results in significant or complete tumor regression without apparent side effects, suggesting that inhibiting the MAPK signaling pathway may be a useful strategy for treating melanoma. Additionally, interrupting MAPK signaling with LeTx and elevating cAMP with anthrax edema toxin in both melanoma cells and melanocytes lead to dramatic melanin production, perhaps explaining the formation of blackened eschars in cutaneous anthrax.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.052707699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:37:36Z","timestamp":1027679856000},"page":"3052-3057","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Apoptosis and melanogenesis in human melanoma cells induced by anthrax lethal factor inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Han-Mo","family":"Koo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick NE, Grand Rapids, MI 49503; HIV Drug Resistance Program, National Cancer Institute\u2013Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, P.O. 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