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Photobiomodulation by red to near-IR radiation has been demonstrated to enhance mitochondrial activity and promote cell survival\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    by stimulation of cytochrome oxidase activity. The present studies were undertaken to test the hypothesis that exposure to monochromatic red radiation from light-emitting diode (LED) arrays would protect the retina against the toxic actions of methanol-derived formic acid in a rodent model of methanol toxicity. Using the electroretinogram as a sensitive indicator of retinal function, we demonstrated that three brief (2 min, 24 s) 670-nm LED treatments (4 J\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), delivered at 5, 25, and 50 h of methanol intoxication, attenuated the retinotoxic effects of methanol-derived formate. Our studies document a significant recovery of rod- and cone-mediated function in LED-treated, methanol-intoxicated rats. We further show that LED treatment protected the retina from the histopathologic changes induced by methanol-derived formate. These findings provide a link between the actions of monochromatic red to near-IR light on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and retinoprotection\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . They also suggest that photobiomodulation may enhance recovery from retinal injury and other ocular diseases in which mitochondrial dysfunction is postulated to play a role.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0534746100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,18]],"date-time":"2003-03-18T18:15:05Z","timestamp":1048011305000},"page":"3439-3444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":320,"title":["Therapeutic photobiomodulation for methanol-induced retinal toxicity"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"J. T.","family":"Eells","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, and Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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