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Here, we report the recovery of infectious lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (the immunosuppressive strain clone 13) entirely from cDNA. Intracellular transcription of the short and the long viral genome segment from polymerase (pol) I-driven vectors and coexpression of the minimal viral-transacting factors NP and L from pol II-driven plasmids resulted in the efficient formation of infectious virus with genetic tags in both genome segments. The cDNA-derived viruses behaved identically to wild-type virus in both cell culture and infected mice. Importantly, they caused a chronic infection and suppressed the adaptive immune response to an unrelated third-party virus. This technology provides an important basis for investigating viral determinants of persistent infection and immunosuppression. In addition, our findings demonstrate that pol I\/II-based vector systems may represent an efficient alternative strategy for the recovery of cytoplasmic negative-strand RNA viruses from cDNA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0600652103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,13]],"date-time":"2006-03-13T20:49:02Z","timestamp":1142282942000},"page":"4663-4668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":149,"title":["Recovery of an arenavirus entirely from RNA polymerase I\/II-driven cDNA"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Lukas","family":"Flatz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Immunology, Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Bergthaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Immunology, Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"de la Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Integrative Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, IMM-6, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel D.","family":"Pinschewer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Immunology, Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.2307\/4581290","volume":"49","author":"Armstrong C.","year":"1934","unstructured":"C. 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