{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T07:18:42Z","timestamp":1791098322576,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"31","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Yersinia pestis<\/jats:italic>\n                    causes bubonic plague, characterized by an enlarged, painful lymph node, termed a bubo, that develops after bacterial dissemination from a fleabite site. In susceptible animals, the bacteria rapidly escape containment in the lymph node, spread systemically through the blood, and produce fatal sepsis. The fulminant progression of disease has been largely ascribed to the ability of\n                    <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n                    to avoid phagocytosis and exposure to antimicrobial effectors of innate immunity.\n                    <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    microarray analysis of\n                    <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene expression, however, revealed an adaptive response to nitric oxide (NO)-derived reactive nitrogen species and to iron limitation in the extracellular environment of the bubo. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils recruited to the infected lymph node expressed abundant inducible NO synthase, and several\n                    <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n                    homologs of genes involved in the protective response to reactive nitrogen species were up-regulated in the bubo. Mutation of one of these genes, which encodes the Hmp flavohemoglobin that detoxifies NO, attenuated virulence. Thus, the ability of\n                    <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n                    to destroy immune cells and remain extracellular in the bubo appears to limit exposure to some but not all innate immune effectors. High NO levels induced during plague may also influence the developing adaptive immune response and contribute to septic shock.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601182103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,24]],"date-time":"2006-07-24T20:33:52Z","timestamp":1153773232000},"page":"11766-11771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":163,"title":["Adaptive response of\n                    <i>Yersinia pestis<\/i>\n                    to extracellular effectors of innate immunity during bubonic plague"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Florent","family":"Sebbane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Lema\u00eetre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens and"},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale Unit\u00e9 801 and Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Henri Warembourg, Universit\u00e9 de Lille II, Lille F-59045, France; and"},{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Lille F-59021, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Sturdevant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics Core Facility, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Rebeil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimmo","family":"Virtaneva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics Core Facility, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen F.","family":"Porcella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics Core Facility, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. 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