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Like TLR-2, TLR-4 is also expressed in human and mouse adrenals. In the present work, by using a low dose of LPS to mimic systemic inflammatory response syndrome, we have revealed marked cellular alterations in adrenocortical tissue and an impaired adrenal corticosterone response in TLR-4\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice. Our findings demonstrate that TLR-4 is a key mediator in the crosstalks between the innate immune system and the endocrine stress response. Furthermore, TLR polymorphisms could contribute to the underlying mechanisms of impaired adrenal stress response in patients with bacterial sepsis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601527103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,10]],"date-time":"2006-04-10T20:44:14Z","timestamp":1144701854000},"page":"6392-6397","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Toll-like receptor 4 plays a crucial role in the immune\u2013adrenal response to systemic inflammatory response syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Zacharowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Cardioprotection and Inflammation Group, Department of Anesthesia,"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden 01307, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula A.","family":"Zacharowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Cardioprotection and Inflammation Group, Department of Anesthesia,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Cardioprotection and Inflammation Group, Department of Anesthesia,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aida","family":"Baban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Cardioprotection and Inflammation Group, Department of Anesthesia,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Cardioprotection and Inflammation Group, Department of Anesthesia,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Berkels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Cardioprotection and Inflammation Group, Department of Anesthesia,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Papewalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Rheumatology, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Schulze-Osthoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf 40225, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Knuefermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, University of Bonn, Bonn D-53105, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Z\u00e4hringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center Borstel, Parkallee 1-40, Borstel D-23845, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf R.","family":"Schumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Charit\u00e9 University Medical Center, Humboldt University, Berlin 10117, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Rettori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudios Farmacologicos y Botanicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Buenos Aires 1414, Argentina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel M.","family":"McCann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808-4124; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan R.","family":"Bornstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden 01307, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901213400307"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022139"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/90609"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/41131"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"109","volume":"270","author":"Beutler B.","year":"2002","unstructured":"B. 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