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We found that the CM cells for these digit muscles are restricted to the caudal portion of M1, which is buried in the central sulcus. Within this region of M1, CM cells for one muscle display a remarkably widespread distribution and fill the entire mediolateral extent of the arm area. In fact, CM cells for digit muscles are found in regions of M1 that are known to contain the shoulder representation. The cortical territories occupied by CM cells for different muscles overlap extensively. Thus, we found no evidence for a focal representation of single muscles in M1. Instead, the overlap and intermingling among the different populations of CM cells may be the neural substrate to create a wide variety of muscle synergies. We found two additional surprising results. First, 15\u201316% of the CM cells originate from area 3a, a region of primary somatosensory cortex. Second, the size range of CM cells includes both \u201cfast\u201d and \u201cslow\u201d pyramidal tract neurons. These observations are likely to lead to dramatic changes in views about the function of the CM system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602933103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,15]],"date-time":"2006-05-15T20:54:13Z","timestamp":1147726453000},"page":"8257-8262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":374,"title":["Muscle representation in the macaque motor cortex: An anatomical perspective"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Jean-Alban","family":"Rathelot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Neurobiology,"},{"name":"Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, W1640 Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter L.","family":"Strick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Departments of"},{"name":"*Neurobiology,"},{"name":"Neurological Surgery, and"},{"name":"Psychiatry, and"},{"name":"Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, W1640 Biomedical Science Tower, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00816161"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"703","volume-title":"Handbook of Physiology: The Nervous System II","author":"Asanuma H.","year":"1981","unstructured":"H. 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