{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:56:12Z","timestamp":1791204972871,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"44","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Microbial pathogens with the ability to establish chronic infections have evolved strategies to actively modulate the host immune response. Brucellosis is a disease caused by a Gram-negative intracellular pathogen that if not treated during the initial phase of the infection becomes chronic as the bacteria persist for the lifespan of the host. How this pathogen and others achieve this action is a largely unanswered question. We report here the identification of a\n                    <jats:italic>Brucella abortus<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene (\n                    <jats:italic>prpA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) directly involved in the immune modulation of the host. PrpA belongs to the proline-racemase family and elicits a B lymphocyte polyclonal activation that depends on the integrity of its proline-racemase catalytic site. Stimulation of splenocytes with PrpA also results in IL-10 secretion. Construction of a\n                    <jats:italic>B. abortus<\/jats:italic>\n                    -\n                    <jats:italic>prpA<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant allowed us to assess the contribution of PrpA to the infection process. Mice infected with\n                    <jats:italic>B. abortus<\/jats:italic>\n                    induced an early and transient nonresponsive status of splenocytes to both\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    LPS and ConA. This phenomenon was not observed when mice were infected with a\n                    <jats:italic>B. abortus-prpA<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant. Moreover, the\n                    <jats:italic>B. abortus-prpA<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant had a reduced capacity to establish a chronic infection in mice. We propose that an early and transient nonresponsive immune condition of the host mediated by this B cell polyclonal activator is required for establishing a successful chronic infection by\n                    <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603362103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,19]],"date-time":"2006-10-19T21:09:53Z","timestamp":1161292193000},"page":"16514-16519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["A B lymphocyte mitogen is a\n                    <i>Brucella abortus<\/i>\n                    virulence factor required for persistent infection"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"Spera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnol\u00f3gicas\u2013Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Chascom\u00fas, Universidad Nacional de San Mart\u00edn, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas de Argentina, Avenida General Paz 5445, 1650 San Mart\u00edn, Argentina; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Esteban","family":"Ugalde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnol\u00f3gicas\u2013Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Chascom\u00fas, Universidad Nacional de San Mart\u00edn, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas de Argentina, Avenida General Paz 5445, 1650 San Mart\u00edn, Argentina; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Mucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnol\u00f3gicas\u2013Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Chascom\u00fas, Universidad Nacional de San Mart\u00edn, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas de Argentina, Avenida General Paz 5445, 1650 San Mart\u00edn, Argentina; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego J.","family":"Comerci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnol\u00f3gicas\u2013Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Chascom\u00fas, Universidad Nacional de San Mart\u00edn, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas de Argentina, Avenida General Paz 5445, 1650 San Mart\u00edn, Argentina; and"},{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n Agropecuaria, Centro At\u00f3mico Ezeiza, Comisi\u00f3n Nacional de Energ\u00eda At\u00f3mica, 1804 Ezeiza, Buenos Aires, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo Augusto","family":"Ugalde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnol\u00f3gicas\u2013Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico Chascom\u00fas, Universidad Nacional de San Mart\u00edn, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas de Argentina, Avenida General Paz 5445, 1650 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