{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T20:01:29Z","timestamp":1791576089267,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"26","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The variant histone H2AX is phosphorylated in response to UV irradiation of primary human fibroblasts in a complex fashion that is radically different from that commonly reported after DNA double-strand breaks. H2AX phosphorylation after exposure to ionizing radiation produces foci, which are detectable by immunofluorescence microscopy and have been adopted as clear and consistent quantitative markers for DNA double-strand breaks. Here we show that in contrast to ionizing radiation, UV irradiation mainly induces H2AX phosphorylation as a diffuse, even, pan-nuclear staining. UV induced pan-nuclear phosphorylation of H2AX is present in all phases of the cell cycle and is highest in S phase. H2AX phosphorylation in G\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    cells depends on nucleotide excision repair factors that may expose the S-139 site to kinase activity, is not due to DNA double-strand breaks, and plays a larger role in UV-induced signal transduction than previously realized.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603779103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,20]],"date-time":"2006-06-20T23:57:39Z","timestamp":1150847859000},"page":"9891-9896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":328,"title":["H2AX phosphorylation within the G\n                    <sub>1<\/sub>\n                    phase after UV irradiation depends on nucleotide excision repair and not DNA double-strand breaks"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Marti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Auerback Melanoma Laboratory, Room N461, Box 0808, UCSF Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0808"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eli","family":"Hefner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auerback Melanoma Laboratory, Room N461, Box 0808, UCSF Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0808"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luzviminda","family":"Feeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auerback Melanoma Laboratory, Room N461, Box 0808, UCSF Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0808"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Natale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auerback Melanoma Laboratory, Room N461, Box 0808, UCSF Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0808"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Cleaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Auerback Melanoma Laboratory, Room N461, Box 0808, UCSF Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0808"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.10.5858"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg921"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M410746200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(00)00610-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.146.5.905"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20141"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200403021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00567-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069398"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M300198200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C100569200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.231611798"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(02)00257-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cc.4.2.1486"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.73.1.39"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(79)90164-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)44631-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(79)90261-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.13.9390"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","first-page":"207","volume":"1","author":"Mirzoeva O. 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