{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T14:20:12Z","timestamp":1783693212723,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"35","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cryopreservation of male germ cells is a strategy to conserve animal species and strains of animals valuable to biomedical research. We tested whether mouse male germ cells could be cryopreserved without cryoprotection by simply freezing epididymides, testes, or whole bodies. The reproductive organs were isolated from killed mice and frozen for 1 week to 1 year at \u221280\u00b0C before spermatozoa and spermatids were collected and injected into mature oocytes. Normal pups were born irrespective of strains tested (ICR and C57BL\/6). Epididymides and testes frozen and transported internationally to another laboratory by air could produce pups of inbred C57BL\/6 mice. Testicular spermatozoa retrieved from the bodies of male mice (BALB\/c nude and C3H\/He strains) that had been kept frozen (\u221220\u00b0C) for 15 years could also produce normal offspring by microinsemination. Thus, freezing of either male reproductive organs or whole bodies is the simplest way to preserve male germ cells. Restoration of extinct species could be possible if male individuals are found in permafrost.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605755103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,18]],"date-time":"2006-08-18T20:34:34Z","timestamp":1155933274000},"page":"13098-13103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Spermatozoa and spermatids retrieved from frozen reproductive organs or frozen whole bodies of male mice can produce normal offspring"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Narumi","family":"Ogonuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Bioresource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiji","family":"Mochida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Bioresource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Miki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Bioresource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimiko","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Bioresource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Fray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Mammalian Genetics Unit, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takamasa","family":"Iwaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Moriwaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Bioresource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Obata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Bioresource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuto","family":"Morozumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96822"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuzo","family":"Yanagimachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biogenesis Research, University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI 96822"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsuo","family":"Ogura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Bioresource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/417785a"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003350010109"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod57.5.1050"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod67.4.1278"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0798-639"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.1120011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307832100"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.16.7460"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.10.5611"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)60947-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(05)46005-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02066177"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod55.4.789"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136104"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)57489-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.103.024422"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1401880203"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.103.019729"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod63.1.341"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1939-4640.2005.tb01095.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.104.035279"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod42.3.432"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod48.2.219"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod52.4.709"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.121.8.2397"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.0605755103","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T14:57:26Z","timestamp":1649775446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.0605755103"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,29]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"35","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,29]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.0605755103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0605755103","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1040283.489225","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-08-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}