{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:57:07Z","timestamp":1791262627563,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Apolipoprotein L-I (apoL-I) is a human high-density lipoprotein (HDL) component able to kill\n                    <jats:italic>Trypanosoma brucei brucei<\/jats:italic>\n                    by forming anion-selective pores in the lysosomal membrane of the parasite. Another HDL component, haptoglobin-related protein (Hpr), has been suggested as an additional toxin required for full trypanolytic activity of normal human serum. We recently reported the case of a human lacking apoL-I (apoL-I\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    HS) as the result of frameshift mutations in both\n                    <jats:italic>apoL-I<\/jats:italic>\n                    alleles. Here, we show that this serum, devoid of any trypanolytic activity, exhibits normal concentrations of HDL-bound Hpr. Conversely, the serum of individuals with normal HDL-bound apoL-I but who lack Hpr and haptoglobin [Hp(r)\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    HS] as the result of gene deletion (anhaptoglobinemia) exhibited phenotypically normal but delayed trypanolytic activity. The trypanolytic properties of Hp(r)\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    HS were mimicked by free recombinant apoL-I, whereas recombinant Hpr did not affect trypanosomes. The lysis delay observed with either Hp(r)\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    HS or recombinant apoL-I could entirely be attributed to a defect in the uptake of the lytic components. Thus, apoL-I is responsible for the trypanolytic activity of normal human serum, whereas Hpr allows fast uptake of the carrier HDL particles, presumably through their binding to an Hp\/Hpr surface receptor of the parasite.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0609902104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,26]],"date-time":"2007-02-26T20:44:09Z","timestamp":1172522649000},"page":"4118-4123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Distinct roles of haptoglobin-related protein and apolipoprotein L-I in trypanolysis by human serum"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Benoit","family":"Vanhollebeke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Institut de Biologie et de M\u00e9decine Mol\u00e9culaires, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, 12, Rue des Profs Jeener et Brachet, B6041 Gosselies, Belgium;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne J.","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihisa","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute, Tokyo 135-8521, Japan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Truc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement, Unit\u00e9 de Recherche 117 Trypanosomoses Africaines, Instituto de Combate e Controlo das Tripanosossomiases, CP 2657 Luanda, Angola; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Vanhamme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Institut de Biologie et de M\u00e9decine Mol\u00e9culaires, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, 12, Rue des Profs Jeener et Brachet, B6041 Gosselies, Belgium;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunori","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Red Cross Blood Center, Tokyo 135-8639, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soren K.","family":"Moestrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Pays","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Institut de Biologie et de M\u00e9decine Mol\u00e9culaires, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, 12, Rue des Profs Jeener et Brachet, B6041 Gosselies, 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