{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T14:36:46Z","timestamp":1781102206795,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Alternative energy resources such as hydrogen and methane gases are becoming increasingly important for the future economy. A major challenge for using hydrogen is to develop suitable materials to store it under a variety of conditions, which requires systematic studies of the structures, stability, and kinetics of various hydrogen-storing compounds. Neutron scattering is particularly useful for these studies. We have developed high-pressure\/low-temperature gas\/fluid cells in conjunction with neutron diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering instruments allowing\n                    <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>\n                    and real-time examination of gas uptake\/release processes. We studied the formation of methane and hydrogen clathrates, a group of inclusion compounds consisting of frameworks of hydrogen-bonded H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O molecules with gas molecules trapped inside the cages. Our results reveal that clathrate can store up to four hydrogen molecules in each of its large cages with an intermolecular H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2013H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    distance of only 2.93 \u212b. This distance is much shorter than that in the solid\/metallic hydrogen (3.78 \u212b), suggesting a strong densification effect of the clathrate framework on the enclosed hydrogen molecules. The framework-pressurizing effect is striking and may exist in other inclusion compounds such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Owing to the enormous variety and flexibility of their frameworks, inclusion compounds may offer superior properties for storage of hydrogen and\/or hydrogen-rich molecules, relative to other types of compounds. We have investigated the hydrogen storage properties of two MOFs, Cu\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    [Co(CN)\n                    <jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\n                    ]\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and Cu\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    (BTC)\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    (BTC = benzenetricarboxylate), and our preliminary results demonstrate that the developed neutron-scattering techniques are equally well suited for studying MOFs and other inclusion compounds.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610332104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,27]],"date-time":"2007-03-27T23:41:55Z","timestamp":1175038915000},"page":"5727-5731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["High-pressure\/low-temperature neutron scattering of gas inclusion compounds: Progress and prospects"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Yusheng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Los Alamos Neutron Science Center,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongwu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Los Alamos Neutron Science Center,"},{"name":"Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke L.","family":"Daemen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Los Alamos Neutron Science Center,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantin","family":"Lokshin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Los Alamos Neutron Science Center,"},{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly T.","family":"Tait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Los Alamos Neutron Science Center,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy L.","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Los Alamos Neutron Science Center,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhua","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Los Alamos Neutron Science Center,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Currier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald D.","family":"Hickmott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","volume-title":"Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases","author":"Sloan ED","year":"1998","unstructured":"ED Sloan Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases (Dekker, 2nd ed, New York, 1998).","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35104634"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr030691s"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.11542874"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/21811"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1075394"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.93.125503"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1928448"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200462786"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5283.1843"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2190273"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","first-page":"394","volume":"84","author":"Ishmaev SN","year":"1983","unstructured":"SN Ishmaev, IP Sadikov, AA Chernyshov, BA Vindryaevskii, VA Sukhoparov, AS Telepnev, GVJ Kobelev Exp Theor Phys 84, 394\u2013403 (1983).","journal-title":"Exp Theor Phys"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.95.215504"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1124594"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1127181"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","volume":"123","author":"Sagara T","year":"2005","unstructured":"T Sagara, J Klassen, J Ortony, E Ganz J Chem Phys 123, 014701. 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