{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:45:40Z","timestamp":1791279940385,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disease of childhood due to loss of the telomeric survival motor neuron gene,\n                    <jats:italic>SMN1<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The general functions of the main\n                    <jats:italic>SMN1<\/jats:italic>\n                    protein product, full-length SMN (FL-SMN), do not explain the selective motoneuronal loss of SMA. We identified axonal-SMN (a-SMN), an alternatively spliced\n                    <jats:italic>SMN<\/jats:italic>\n                    form, preferentially encoded by the\n                    <jats:italic>SMN1<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene in humans. The a-SMN transcript and protein are down-regulated during early development in different tissues. In the spinal cord, the a-SMN protein is selectively expressed in motor neurons and mainly localized in axons. Forced expression of a-SMN stimulates motor neuron axonogenesis in a time-dependent fashion and induces axonal-like growth in non-neuronal cells. Exons 2b and 3 are essential for the axonogenic effects. This discovery indicates an unexpected complexity of the\n                    <jats:italic>SMN<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene system and may help in understanding the pathogenesis of SMA.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610660104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,2]],"date-time":"2007-02-02T13:37:31Z","timestamp":1170423451000},"page":"1959-1964","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Axonal-SMN (a-SMN), a protein isoform of the survival motor neuron gene, is specifically involved in axonogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Veronica","family":"Setola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Molecular Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Department of Experimental Neurophysiology and Epileptology, Istituto Neurologico \u201cC. 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