{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T12:04:23Z","timestamp":1790424263616,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"16","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cocaine is a psychostimulant and a drug widely abused by humans. Cocaine elicits its effects primarily by blocking the activity of the dopamine (DA) transporter, leading to elevated levels of extracellular DA in areas receiving dopaminergic innervation, with the consequent activation of DA receptors. Cocaine, however, also elevates other neurotransmitter levels, leading to a general activation of interconnected brain circuitries. Studies aimed at unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of cocaine have shown a leading role of DA D1 receptors in the cascade of cellular events elicited by this drug. In this study, we have analyzed the acute response to cocaine in animals deleted for the expression of DA D2 receptors (D2R), an inhibitor of DA signaling. Importantly, we show that although D1 receptor-mediated functions are preserved and even enhanced in D2R\u2212\/\u2212 mutants, the behavioral response to acute cocaine administration is severely altered. In addition, c-fos response to acute cocaine administration, in contrast to wild-type mice, is absent in D2R\u2212\/\u2212 mutants. Our findings show that the absence of D2R, very likely through a presynaptic mechanism, uncovers an inhibitory signaling pathway normally masked by the activity of this receptor on brain circuitries engaged by abused drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610790104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,10]],"date-time":"2007-04-10T22:57:38Z","timestamp":1176245858000},"page":"6840-6845","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Absence of dopamine D2 receptors unmasks an inhibitory control over the brain circuitries activated by cocaine"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Marc","family":"Welter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, 3113 Gillespie Building, Irvine, CA 92697;"},{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Vallone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarek A.","family":"Samad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Meziane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Clinique de la Souris, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Usiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emiliana","family":"Borrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, 3113 Gillespie Building, Irvine, CA 92697;"},{"name":"Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire et Cellulaire, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.14.5274"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(99)00372-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.29.051605.113009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6147(92)90060-J"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20689"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2820058"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402028101"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00634445"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02244427"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050545"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90026-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0730708100"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-20-08038.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.25.14928"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(95)00597-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-13-04231.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408305102"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(96)00145-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(94)00281-I"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/41567"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-10-j0004.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000548"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/377424a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1142-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-07-02977.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-14-05147.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-08-03293.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35041572"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(01)00299-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300127"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.16.7451"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-10-03444.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.14.030191.002225"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.94.4.469"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(98)00060-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/381"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.17.6912"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1711-05.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000668"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90557-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevNeurobiol.v11.i2-3.20"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2396(199807)29:3<213::AID-SYN3>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)37584-6","volume":"286","author":"Ruskin DN","year":"1998","unstructured":"DN Ruskin, SS Rawji, JR Walters J Pharmacol Exp Ther 286, 272\u2013281 (1998).","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.13.7699"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/334314a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(99)00150-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00442800"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(88)90147-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.21.7857"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-12-08167.1995"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.0610790104","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T12:59:43Z","timestamp":1736945983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.0610790104"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,17]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,17]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.0610790104"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0610790104","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-12-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-04-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}