{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:58:45Z","timestamp":1781107125744,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The\n                    <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\n                    -specific polysaccharide (O-SP) domain of\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    LPS is both an essential virulence factor and a protective antigen for this genus. A critical level of serum IgG anti-O-SP was shown to confer immunity to shigellosis, likely by complement-mediated bacteriolysis of the inoculum. Conjugate\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                    O-SP vaccines were shown to be safe and immunogenic in children, and, in a preliminary study,\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n                    vaccine was protective in young adults. Characteristic of shigellosis is bacterial invasion of intestinal cells. Incubation of shigellae with postimmunization but not preimmunization sera of children vaccinated with\n                    <jats:italic>S. sonnei<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>Shigella flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                    2a O-SP conjugate vaccines inhibited in a type-specific and dose-dependent manner\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    invasion of intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) and the infection-associated increases in IL-1\u03b2 and IL-8 mRNA and extracellular cytokine levels. Pretreatment of these sera or of Caco-2 cells with O-SP abrogated these effects also in a type-specific and dose-dependent manner. Confocal microscopy demonstrated antibody-specific inhibition of bacterial adhesion to HeLa cells. These protective effects were duplicated by IgG purified from these sera. These results suggest a dual role for IgG anti-O-SP. In addition to lysis of the inoculum in immune individuals, the newly synthesized IgG anti-O-SP in patients may terminate an established infection by inhibiting shigellae released from epithelial cells from invading new ones. A critical level of IgG anti-O-SP could, therefore, have a protective as well as a curative role in shigellosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610833104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,7]],"date-time":"2007-02-07T20:29:31Z","timestamp":1170880171000},"page":"2396-2401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["O-Specific polysaccharide conjugate vaccine-induced IgG antibodies prevent invasion of\n                    <i>Shigella<\/i>\n                    into Caco-2 cells and may be curative"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Yehuda","family":"Chowers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of *Gastroenterology,"},{"name":"The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Kirschner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology, and"},{"name":"The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Barshack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology and"},{"name":"The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Bar-Meir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of *Gastroenterology,"},{"name":"The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shai","family":"Ashkenazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"**Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tiqva 49202, Israel;"},{"name":"The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Schneerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Developmental and Molecular Immunity, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 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