{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T11:09:18Z","timestamp":1791544158094,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite early speculation to the contrary, all tropical forests studied to date display seasonal variations in the presence of new leaves, flowers, and fruits. Past studies were focused on the timing of phenological events and their cues but not on the accompanying changes in leaf area that regulate vegetation\u2013atmosphere exchanges of energy, momentum, and mass. Here we report, from analysis of 5 years of recent satellite data, seasonal swings in green leaf area of \u224825% in a majority of the Amazon rainforests. This seasonal cycle is timed to the seasonality of solar radiation in a manner that is suggestive of anticipatory and opportunistic patterns of net leaf flushing during the early to mid part of the light-rich dry season and net leaf abscission during the cloudy wet season. These seasonal swings in leaf area may be critical to initiation of the transition from dry to wet season, seasonal carbon balance between photosynthetic gains and respiratory losses, and litterfall nutrient cycling in moist tropical forests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611338104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,13]],"date-time":"2007-03-13T20:38:23Z","timestamp":1173818303000},"page":"4820-4823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":385,"title":["Large seasonal swings in leaf area of Amazon rainforests"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Ranga B.","family":"Myneni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenze","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramakrishna R.","family":"Nemani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo R.","family":"Huete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Dickinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 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Systems Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8600 Greenbelt Road, Mail Code 614.5, Greenbelt, MD 20771;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric F.","family":"Vermote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biospheric Sciences Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8600 Greenbelt Road, Mail Code 614.4, Greenbelt, MD 20771;"},{"name":"Department of Geography, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geographic Information Science Center of Excellence, South Dakota State University, Wecota Hall, Box 506B, Brookings, SD 57007;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Wolfe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Raytheon Technology Services Corporation at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8600 Greenbelt Road, Mail Code 614.5, Greenbelt, MD 20771;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Friedl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven W.","family":"Running","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Forestry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petr","family":"Votava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California State University at Monterey Bay and Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazmi","family":"El-Saleous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Systems and Applications, Inc., at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8600 Greenbelt Road, Mail Code 614.5, Greenbelt, MD 20771; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadashiva","family":"Devadiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Science Systems and Applications, Inc., at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8600 Greenbelt Road, Mail Code 614.5, Greenbelt, MD 20771; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent V.","family":"Salomonson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Meteorology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 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