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IL-1\u03b2 and transient anoxia rapidly induced brainstem-specific microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) activity in neonatal mice. Furthermore, IL-1\u03b2 reduced respiratory frequency during hyperoxia and depressed hypoxic gasping and autoresuscitation in mPGES-1 wild-type mice, but not in mPGES-1 knockout mice. In wild-type mice, PGE\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    induced apnea and irregular breathing patterns\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    and inhibited brainstem respiratory rhythm generation\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Mice lacking the EP3 receptor (EP3R) for PGE\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    exhibited fewer apneas and sustained brainstem respiratory activity, demonstrating that PGE\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    exerts its respiratory effects via EP3R. In human neonates, the infectious marker C-reactive protein was correlated with elevated PGE\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    in the cerebrospinal fluid, and elevated central PGE\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    was associated with an increased apnea frequency. We conclude that IL-1\u03b2 adversely affects breathing and its control by mPGES-1 activation and PGE\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    binding to brainstem EP3 receptors, resulting in increased apnea frequency and hypoxia-induced mortality.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611468104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,29]],"date-time":"2007-05-29T21:34:08Z","timestamp":1180474448000},"page":"9894-9899","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["The induced prostaglandin E\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    pathway is a key regulator of the respiratory response to infection and hypoxia in neonates"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Annika O.","family":"Hofstetter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, 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