{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T10:56:49Z","timestamp":1790506609884,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    \u03b2-Catenins are conserved regulators of metazoan development that function with TCF DNA-binding proteins to activate transcription. In\n                    <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , SYS-1\/\u03b2-catenin and POP-1\/TCF regulate several asymmetric divisions, including that of the somatic gonadal precursor cell (SGP). In the distal but not the proximal SGP daughter, SYS-1\/\u03b2-catenin and POP-1\/TCF transcriptionally activate\n                    <jats:italic>ceh-22<\/jats:italic>\n                    to specify the distal fate. Here, we investigate the distribution of SYS-1\/\u03b2-catenin and its regulation. Using a rescuing transgene, VNS::SYS-1, which fuses VENUS fluorescent protein to SYS-1, we find more VNS::SYS-1 in distal than proximal SGP daughters, a phenomenon we call \u201cSYS-1 asymmetry.\u201d In addition, SYS-1 asymmetry is seen in many other tissues, consistent with the idea that SYS-1 regulates asymmetric divisions broadly during\n                    <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                    development. In particular, SYS-1 is more abundant in E than MS, and SYS-1 is critical for the endodermal fate. In all cases, SYS-1 is reciprocal to POP-1 asymmetry: cells with higher SYS-1 have lower POP-1, and vice versa. SYS-1 asymmetry is controlled posttranslationally and relies on frizzled and dishevelled homologs, which also control POP-1 asymmetry. Therefore, upstream regulators modulate the SYS-1 to POP-1 ratio by increasing SYS-1 and decreasing POP-1 within the same cell. By contrast, SYS-1 asymmetry does not rely on WRM-1, which appears specialized for POP-1 asymmetry. We suggest a two-pronged pathway for control of SYS-1:POP-1, which can robustly accomplish differential gene expression in daughters of an asymmetric cell division.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611507104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,12]],"date-time":"2007-02-12T20:37:47Z","timestamp":1171312667000},"page":"3231-3236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Reciprocal asymmetry of SYS-1\/\u03b2-catenin and POP-1\/TCF controls asymmetric divisions in\n                    <i>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Bryan T.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of *Biochemistry and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Ambrose R.","family":"Kidd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, 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