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The general equivalence of the latter indicates that, considered globally, hillslope soil production and erosion evolve to balance geologic and climate forcing, whereas conventional plow-based agriculture increases erosion rates enough to prove unsustainable. In contrast to how net soil erosion rates in conventionally plowed fields (\u22481 mm\/yr) can erode through a typical hillslope soil profile over time scales comparable to the longevity of major civilizations, no-till agriculture produces erosion rates much closer to soil production rates and therefore could provide a foundation for sustainable agriculture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611508104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,8]],"date-time":"2007-08-08T21:10:08Z","timestamp":1186607408000},"page":"13268-13272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1686,"title":["Soil erosion and agricultural sustainability"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"David R.","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 91895"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.163042"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","volume-title":"Conquest of the Land Through 7,000 Years","author":"Lowdermilk WC","year":"1953","unstructured":"WC Lowdermilk Conquest of the Land Through 7,000 Years (US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, 1953)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","volume-title":"Topsoil and Civilization","author":"Dale T","year":"1955","unstructured":"T Dale, VG Carter Topsoil and Civilization (Univ of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK, 1955)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.160.3835.1444"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-4403(84)90012-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02723646.1998.10642657"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1179\/009346990791548628","volume":"17","author":"Van Andel TH","year":"1990","unstructured":"TH Van Andel, E Zangger, A Demitrack J Field Archaeol 17, 379\u2013396 (1990).","journal-title":"J Field Archaeol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2005.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","first-page":"196","volume":"12","author":"Hughes JD","year":"1982","unstructured":"JD Hughes, JV Thirgood Ecologist 12, 196\u2013208 (1982).","journal-title":"Ecologist"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","volume-title":"A Forest Journey: The Role of Wood in the Development of Civilization","author":"Perlin J","year":"1989","unstructured":"J Perlin A Forest Journey: The Role of Wood in the Development of Civilization (Harvard Univ Press, Cambridge, MA, 1989)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","volume-title":"A Green History of the World: The Environment and the Collapse of Great Civilizations","author":"Ponting C","year":"1993","unstructured":"C Ponting A Green History of the World: The Environment and the Collapse of Great Civilizations (Penguin, New York, 1993)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","volume-title":"Deforesting the Earth: From Prehistory to Global Crisis","author":"Williams M","year":"2003","unstructured":"M Williams Deforesting the Earth: From Prehistory to Global Crisis (Univ of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 2003)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","volume-title":"Hillslope Materials and Processes","author":"Selby MJ","year":"1993","unstructured":"MJ Selby Hillslope Materials and Processes (Oxford Univ Press, Oxford, 1993)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Federal Inter-Agency Sedimentation Conference, 1963","author":"Ursic SJ","year":"1965","unstructured":"SJ Ursic, FE Dendy Proceedings of the Federal Inter-Agency Sedimentation Conference, 1963 (US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC), pp. 47\u201352 (1965)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/04353676.1967.11879766"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(2000)28<843:OTHOHA>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","volume-title":"Man and the Earth","author":"Shaler NS","year":"1905","unstructured":"NS Shaler Man and the Earth (Fox, Duffield, NY, 1905)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.197.4304.625"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1310591"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","volume-title":"Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses\u2013A Guide to Conservation Planning","author":"Wischmeier WH","year":"1978","unstructured":"WH Wischmeier, DD Smith Predicting Rainfall Erosion Losses\u2013A Guide to Conservation Planning (US Department of Agriculture, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, Agricultural Handbook 537. 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