{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:12:19Z","timestamp":1790809939476,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The genetic variability at six polymorphic loci was examined within\n a global collection of 502 isolates of subgroup III, serogroup A\n                    <jats:italic>Neisseria meningitidis.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Nine \u201cgenoclouds\u201d were\n identified, consisting of genotypes that were isolated repeatedly plus\n 48 descendent genotypes that were isolated rarely. These genoclouds\n have caused three pandemic waves of disease since the mid-1960s, the\n most recent of which was imported from East Asia to Europe and Africa\n in the mid-1990s. Many of the genotypes are escape variants, resulting\n from positive selection that we attribute to herd immunity. Despite\n positive selection, most escape variants are less fit than their\n parents and are lost because of competition and bottlenecks during\n spread from country to country. Competition between fit genotypes\n results in dramatic changes in population composition over short time\n periods.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.061386098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:44:19Z","timestamp":1027680259000},"page":"5234-5239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Fit genotypes and escape variants of subgroup III\n                    <i>Neisseria meningitidis<\/i>\n                    during three pandemics of epidemic meningitis"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Peixuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Genetik, 14195 Berlin,\r Germany; Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic\r Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;\r Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for\r Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333;\r Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The\r Gambia; Swiss Tropical Institute, 4002 Basel,\r Switzerland; Central Research Institute of Epidemiology,\r Moscow 111 123, Russia; Institut Pasteur,\r 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France;..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arie","family":"van der Ende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Genetik, 14195 Berlin,\r Germany; Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic\r Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;\r Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for\r Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333;\r Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The\r Gambia; Swiss Tropical Institute, 4002 Basel,\r Switzerland; Central Research Institute of Epidemiology,\r Moscow 111 123, Russia; Institut Pasteur,\r 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France;..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Falush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Genetik, 14195 Berlin,\r Germany; Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic\r Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;\r Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for\r Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333;\r Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The\r Gambia; Swiss Tropical Institute, 4002 Basel,\r Switzerland; Central Research Institute of Epidemiology,\r Moscow 111 123, Russia; Institut Pasteur,\r 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France;..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Brieske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Genetik, 14195 Berlin,\r Germany; Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic\r Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;\r Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for\r Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333;\r Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The\r Gambia; Swiss Tropical Institute, 4002 Basel,\r Switzerland; Central Research Institute of Epidemiology,\r Moscow 111 123, Russia; Institut Pasteur,\r 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France;..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Morelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Genetik, 14195 Berlin,\r Germany; Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic\r Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;\r Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for\r Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333;\r Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The\r Gambia; Swiss Tropical Institute, 4002 Basel,\r Switzerland; Central Research Institute of Epidemiology,\r Moscow 111 123, Russia; Institut Pasteur,\r 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France;..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bodo","family":"Linz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Genetik, 14195 Berlin,\r Germany; Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic\r Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;\r Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for\r Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333;\r Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The\r Gambia; Swiss Tropical Institute, 4002 Basel,\r Switzerland; Central Research Institute of Epidemiology,\r Moscow 111 123, Russia; Institut Pasteur,\r 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France;..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Popovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Genetik, 14195 Berlin,\r Germany; Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic\r Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;\r Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for\r Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333;\r Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The\r Gambia; Swiss Tropical Institute, 4002 Basel,\r Switzerland; Central Research Institute of Epidemiology,\r Moscow 111 123, Russia; Institut Pasteur,\r 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France;..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilse G. A.","family":"Schuurman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Genetik, 14195 Berlin,\r Germany; Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic\r Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;\r Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for\r Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333;\r Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The\r Gambia; Swiss Tropical Institute, 4002 Basel,\r Switzerland; Central Research Institute of Epidemiology,\r Moscow 111 123, Russia; Institut Pasteur,\r 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France;..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Adegbola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Genetik, 14195 Berlin,\r Germany; Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic\r Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;\r Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for\r Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333;\r Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The\r Gambia; Swiss Tropical Institute, 4002 Basel,\r Switzerland; Central Research Institute of Epidemiology,\r Moscow 111 123, Russia; Institut Pasteur,\r 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France;..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Zurth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Genetik, 14195 Berlin,\r Germany; Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic\r Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;\r Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for\r Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333;\r Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The\r Gambia; Swiss Tropical Institute, 4002 Basel,\r Switzerland; Central Research Institute of Epidemiology,\r Moscow 111 123, Russia; Institut Pasteur,\r 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France;..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Gagneux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Genetik, 14195 Berlin,\r Germany; Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic\r Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;\r Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for\r Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333;\r Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The\r Gambia; Swiss Tropical Institute, 4002 Basel,\r Switzerland; Central Research Institute of Epidemiology,\r Moscow 111 123, Russia; Institut Pasteur,\r 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France;..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander E.","family":"Platonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Genetik, 14195 Berlin,\r Germany; Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic\r Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;\r Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for\r Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333;\r Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The\r Gambia; Swiss Tropical Institute, 4002 Basel,\r Switzerland; Central Research Institute of Epidemiology,\r Moscow 111 123, Russia; Institut Pasteur,\r 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France;..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Yves","family":"Riou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Genetik, 14195 Berlin,\r Germany; Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic\r Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;\r Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for\r Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333;\r Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The\r Gambia; Swiss Tropical Institute, 4002 Basel,\r Switzerland; Central Research Institute of Epidemiology,\r Moscow 111 123, Russia; Institut Pasteur,\r 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France;..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique A.","family":"Caugant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Genetik, 14195 Berlin,\r Germany; Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic\r Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;\r Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for\r Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333;\r Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The\r Gambia; Swiss Tropical Institute, 4002 Basel,\r Switzerland; Central Research Institute of Epidemiology,\r Moscow 111 123, Russia; Institut Pasteur,\r 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France;..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Nicolas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Genetik, 14195 Berlin,\r Germany; Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic\r Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;\r Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for\r Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333;\r Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The\r Gambia; Swiss Tropical Institute, 4002 Basel,\r Switzerland; Central Research Institute of Epidemiology,\r Moscow 111 123, Russia; Institut Pasteur,\r 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France;..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Achtman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max-Planck Institut f\u00fcr Molekulare Genetik, 14195 Berlin,\r Germany; Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic\r Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;\r Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for\r Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333;\r Medical Research Council Laboratories, Fajara, The\r Gambia; Swiss Tropical Institute, 4002 Basel,\r Switzerland; Central Research Institute of Epidemiology,\r Moscow 111 123, Russia; Institut Pasteur,\r 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France;..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","first-page":"163","volume":"11","author":"Vieusseux M","year":"1806","unstructured":"M Vieusseux J Med Chirurg Pharm 11, 163\u2013182 (1806).","journal-title":"J Med Chirurg Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","first-page":"53","volume":"28","author":"Lapeyssonnie L","year":"1963","unstructured":"L Lapeyssonnie Bull W H O 28,Suppl., 53\u2013114 (1963).","journal-title":"Bull W H O"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1998.tb01379.x","volume":"106","author":"Caugant D A","year":"1998","unstructured":"D A Caugant Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand 106, 505\u2013525 (1998).","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","first-page":"29","volume":"1","author":"Achtman M","year":"1990","unstructured":"M Achtman Rev Med Microbiol 1, 29\u201338 (1990).","journal-title":"Rev Med Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5267","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.12.5267-5282.1992","volume":"60","author":"Wang J-F","year":"1992","unstructured":"J-F Wang, D A Caugant, X Li, X Hu, J T Poolman, B A Crowe, M Achtman Infect Immun 60, 5267\u20135282 (1992).","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/165.1.53","volume":"165","author":"Achtman M","year":"1992","unstructured":"M Achtman, B Kusecek, G Morelli, K Eickmann, J Wang, B Crowe, R A Wall, M Hassan-King, P S Moore, W Zollinger J Infect Dis 165, 53\u201368 (1992).","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3140","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.6.3140","volume":"95","author":"Maiden M C J","year":"1998","unstructured":"M C J Maiden, J A Bygraves, E Feil, G Morelli, J E Russell, R Urwin, Q Zhang, J Zhou, K Zurth, D A Caugant, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95, 3140\u20133145 (1998).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2686","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03410180094036","volume":"260","author":"Moore P S","year":"1988","unstructured":"P S Moore, L H Harrison, E E Telzak, G W Ajello, C V Broome J Am Med Assoc 260, 2686\u20132689 (1988).","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","unstructured":"Nicolas P. D\u00e9cousset L. Riglet V. Castelli P. Stor R. &\n Blanchet G. (2001) Emerg. Infect. Dis. in press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","first-page":"170","volume":"50","author":"Tikhomirov E","year":"1997","unstructured":"E Tikhomirov, M Santamaria, K Esteves World Health Stat Q 50, 170\u2013176 (1997).","journal-title":"World Health Stat Q"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.6.1746-1749.1998","volume":"36","author":"Bart A","year":"1998","unstructured":"A Bart, I G A Schuurman, M Achtman, D A Caugant, J Dankert, A van der Ende J Clin Microbiol 36, 1746\u20131749 (1998).","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","unstructured":"Achtman M. van der Ende A. Zhu P. Koroleva I. S. Kusecek B. Morelli G. Schuurman I. G. A. Brieske N. Zurth K. Kostyukova N. N. & Platonov A. E. (2001) Emerg.\n Infect. Dis. in press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01932.x","volume":"36","author":"Linz B","year":"2000","unstructured":"B Linz, M Schenker, P Zhu, M Achtman Mol Microbiol 36, 1049\u20131058 (2000).","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-1878(200012)22:12<1115::AID-BIES9>3.0.CO;2-R","volume":"22","author":"Smith J M","year":"2000","unstructured":"J M Smith, E J Feil, N H Smith BioEssays 22, 1115\u20131122 (2000).","journal-title":"BioEssays"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1997.5211882.x","volume":"25","author":"Morelli G","year":"1997","unstructured":"G Morelli, B Malorny, K M\u00fcller, A Seiler, J Wang, J del Valle, M Achtman Mol Microbiol 25, 1047\u20131064 (1997).","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01514.x","volume":"33","author":"Zhu P","year":"1999","unstructured":"P Zhu, G Morelli, M Achtman Mol Microbiol 33, 635\u2013650 (1999).","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2000.00550.x","volume":"5","author":"Gagneux S","year":"2000","unstructured":"S Gagneux, A Hodgson, I Erhard, G Morelli, B Genton, T Smith, M Tanner, F Binka, M Achtman, G Pluschke Trop Med Int Health 5, 280\u2013287 (2000).","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","volume-title":"Weekly Epidemiol. Rec.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Weekly Epidemiol. Rec., October 6, 1995, pp. 281\u2013282. (1995)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.5.1323-1330.1998","volume":"180","author":"Malorny B","year":"1998","unstructured":"B Malorny, G Morelli, B Kusecek, J Kolberg, M Achtman J Bacteriol 180, 1323\u20131330 (1998).","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/14.1.68","volume":"14","author":"Huson D H","year":"1998","unstructured":"D H Huson Bioinformatics 14, 68\u201373 (1998).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1995.tb01608.x","volume":"59","author":"Sham P C","year":"1995","unstructured":"P C Sham, D Curtis Ann Hum Genet 59, 97\u2013105 (1995).","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","unstructured":"Day N. P. J. Moore C. E. Enright M. C. Berendt A. R. Maynard Smith J. Murphy M. D. Peacock S. J. Spratt B. G. & Feil E. J. (2001) Science in press."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/0966-842X(96)20011-3","volume":"4","author":"Eigen M","year":"1996","unstructured":"M Eigen Trends Microbiol 4, 216\u2013218 (1996).","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/159.4.686","volume":"159","author":"Crowe B A","year":"1989","unstructured":"B A Crowe, R A Wall, B Kusecek, B Neumann, T Olyhoek, H Abdillahi, M Hassan-King, B M Greenwood, J T Poolman, M Achtman J Infect Dis 159, 686\u2013700 (1989).","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/146.5.626","volume":"146","author":"Blakebrough I S","year":"1982","unstructured":"I S Blakebrough, B M Greenwood, H C Whittle, A K Bradley, H M Gilles J Infect Dis 146, 626\u2013637 (1982).","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","first-page":"237","volume":"16","author":"Scholten R J P M","year":"1993","unstructured":"R J P M Scholten, H A Bijlmer, J T Poolman, B Kuipers, D A Caugant, L van Alphen, J Dankert, H A Valkenburg J Infect Dis 16, 237\u2013246 (1993).","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.2.323-330.1994","volume":"32","author":"Caugant D A","year":"1994","unstructured":"D A Caugant, E A H\u00f8iby, P Magnus, O Scheel, T Hoel, G Bjune, E Wedege, J Eng, L O Fr\u00f8holm J Clin Microbiol 32, 323\u2013330 (1994).","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1998.00300.x","volume":"3","author":"Kwara A","year":"1998","unstructured":"A Kwara, R A Adegbola, P T Corrah, M Weber, M Achtman, G Morelli, D A Caugant, B M Greenwood Trop Med Int Health 3, 742\u2013746 (1998).","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.061386098","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T01:53:05Z","timestamp":1654566785000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.061386098"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,3]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,24]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.061386098"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.061386098","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2000-08-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2001-04-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}