{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T20:23:29Z","timestamp":1790972609101,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Our analyses of lipopolysaccharide mutants of\n                    <jats:italic>Sinorhizobium meliloti<\/jats:italic>\n                    offer insights into how this bacterium establishes the chronic intracellular infection of plant cells that is necessary for its nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with alfalfa. Derivatives of\n                    <jats:italic>S. meliloti<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain Rm1021 carrying an\n                    <jats:italic>lpsB<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutation are capable of colonizing curled root hairs and forming infection threads in alfalfa in a manner similar to a wild-type strain. However, developmental abnormalities occur in the bacterium and the plant at the stage when the bacteria invade the plant nodule cells. Loss-of-function\n                    <jats:italic>lpsB<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutations, which eliminate a protein of the glycosyltransferase I family, cause striking changes in the carbohydrate core of the lipopolysaccharide, including the absence of uronic acids and a 40-fold relative increase in xylose. We also found that\n                    <jats:italic>lpsB<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutants were sensitive to the cationic peptides melittin, polymyxin B, and poly-\n                    <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                    -lysine, in a manner that paralleled that of\n                    <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:italic>abortus<\/jats:italic>\n                    lipopolysaccharide mutants. Sensitivity to components of the plant's innate immune system may be part of the reason that this mutant is unable to properly sustain a chronic infection within the cells of its host-plant alfalfa.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.062425699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:37:36Z","timestamp":1027679856000},"page":"3938-3943","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":129,"title":["Chronic intracellular infection of alfalfa nodules by\n                    <i>Sinorhizobium meliloti<\/i>\n                    requires correct lipopolysaccharide core"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Gordon R. 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