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Our results underscore the need for the extremely aggressive and timely use of oral antibiotics by all asymptomatics in the exposure region, distributed either preattack or by nonprofessionals postattack, and the creation of surge capacity for supportive hospital care via expanded training of nonemergency care workers at the local level and the use of federal and military resources and nationwide medical volunteers. The use of prioritization (based on disease stage and\/or age) at both queues, and the development and deployment of modestly rapid and sensitive biosensors, while helpful, produce only second-order improvements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0636861100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,1]],"date-time":"2003-04-01T14:25:08Z","timestamp":1049207108000},"page":"4346-4351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":167,"title":["Emergency response to an anthrax attack"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Lawrence M.","family":"Wein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5015; Operations Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-3407; and Yale School of Management, and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8200"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Craft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5015; Operations Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-3407; and Yale School of Management, and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8200"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward H.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5015; Operations Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-3407; and Yale School of Management, and Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8200"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0706.010604"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","volume-title":"Health Aspects of Chemical and Biological Weapons","year":"1970","unstructured":"Health Aspects of Chemical and Biological Weapons (W.H.O., Geneva, 1970)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","volume-title":"Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, U.S. Government Printing Office Publication OTA-ISC-559","year":"1993","unstructured":"Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, U.S. Government Printing Office Publication OTA-ISC-559 (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1993)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5406.1279"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.17.2236"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2172\/5591108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"179","volume-title":"Chemical and Biological Terrorism","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chemical and Biological Terrorism (Natl. 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