{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T17:00:16Z","timestamp":1792515616456,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"17","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    There is no consensus on when in the fish-tetrapod transition suction feeding, the primary method of prey capture in the aquatic realm, evolved into the direct biting on prey typical of terrestrial animals. Here, we show that differences in the morphology of selected cranial sutures between species that span the fish\u2013tetrapod transition (the Devonian osteolepiform fish\n                    <jats:italic>Eusthenopteron<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the aquatic Devonian tetrapod\n                    <jats:italic>Acanthostega<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and the Permian terrestrial tetrapod\n                    <jats:italic>Phonerpeton<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) can be used to infer when terrestrial feeding first appeared. Our approach consists of defining a sutural morphospace, assigning functional fields to that morphospace based on our previous measurements of suture function made during feeding in the living fish\n                    <jats:italic>Polypterus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , inferring the functions of the fossil sutures based on where they fall in the morphospace, and then using the correlation between feeding mode and the patterns of inferred suture function across the skull roof in taxa where feeding mode is unambiguous to infer the feeding mode practiced by\n                    <jats:italic>Acanthostega<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Using this procedure, we find that the suture morphologies of\n                    <jats:italic>Acanthostega<\/jats:italic>\n                    are inconsistent with the hypothesis that it captured prey primarily by means of suction, which suggests that it may have bitten directly on prey at or near the water's edge. Thus, our data strongly support the hypothesis that the terrestrial mode of feeding first emerged in aquatic taxa.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0701706104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,16]],"date-time":"2007-04-16T20:54:21Z","timestamp":1176756861000},"page":"7134-7138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Terrestrial-style feeding in a very early aquatic tetrapod is supported by evidence from experimental analysis of suture morphology"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Molly J.","family":"Markey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles R.","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and"},{"name":"Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology 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