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Here, we provide evidence that a class of compounds,\n                    <jats:italic>seco<\/jats:italic>\n                    -pregnane steroid glaucogenin C and its monosugar-glycoside cynatratoside A of\n                    <jats:italic>Strobilanthes cusia<\/jats:italic>\n                    and three new pantasugar-glycosides of glaucogenin C of\n                    <jats:italic>Cynanchum paniculatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , are effective and selective inhibitors to alphavirus-like positive-strand RNA viruses including plant-infecting tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and animal-infecting Sindbis virus (SINV), eastern equine encephalitis virus, and Getah virus, but not to other RNA or DNA viruses, yet they were not toxic to host cells.\n                    <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    administration of the compounds protected BALB\/c mice from lethal SINV infection without adverse effects on the mice. Using TMV and SINV as models, studies on the action mechanism revealed that the compounds predominantly suppress the expression of viral subgenomic RNA(s) without affecting the accumulation of viral genomic RNA. Our work suggested that the viral subgenomic RNA could be a new target for the discovery of antiviral drugs, and that\n                    <jats:italic>seco<\/jats:italic>\n                    -pregnane steroid and its four glycosides found in the two medicinal herbs have the potential for further development as antiviral agents against alphavirus-like positive-strand RNA viruses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0702398104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,30]],"date-time":"2007-04-30T21:19:10Z","timestamp":1177967950000},"page":"8083-8088","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["<i>Seco<\/i>\n                    -pregnane steroids target the subgenomic RNA of alphavirus-like RNA viruses"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Yanmei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China;"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China;"},{"name":"Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunlin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuemao","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongkai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plant Virology, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongping","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuelong","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guodong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongxiang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojiang","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2005.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","first-page":"393","volume-title":"Fields Virology","author":"Crumpacker C","year":"2001","unstructured":"C Crumpacker Fields Virology, eds DM Knipe, PM Howley (Williams & Wilkins, Philadephia), pp. 393\u2013433 (2001)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)29504-5","volume":"297","author":"De Clercq E","year":"2001","unstructured":"E De Clercq J Pharmacol Exp Ther 297, 1\u201310 (2001).","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd703"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro975"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35081178"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","volume-title":"Chinese Pharmacopoeia","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Chemical Industry Press, Beijing, China, 2005)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","first-page":"1894","volume-title":"Zhong Yao Da Cidian","year":"1979","unstructured":"Zhong Yao Da Cidian (Shanghai Scientific and Technological Press, Shanghai, China), pp. 1894\u20131895and. 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