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For instance, cranial and spinal nerve transection, ischemia, corpus callosum transection, and colchicine treatment increased DINE mRNA expression in the injured neurons, whereas kainate-induced hyperexcitation, immobilization, and osmotic stress failed to up-regulate DINE mRNA. Expression of DINE in COS cells partially inhibited C2-ceramide-induced apoptosis, probably because of the activation of antioxidant enzymes such as Cu\/Zn-superoxide dismutase, Mn-superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase through the proteolytic activity of DINE. These data provide insight into the mechanism of how injured neurons protect themselves against neuronal death.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.070509897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:41:48Z","timestamp":1027680108000},"page":"4345-4350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Damage-induced neuronal endopeptidase (DINE) is a unique metallopeptidase expressed in response to neuronal damage and activates superoxide scavengers"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Sumiko","family":"Kiryu-Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Anatomy, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, and Orthopedic Surgery, Asahikawa Medical College, 2\u20131-1\u20131 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; and Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiko","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Anatomy, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, and Orthopedic Surgery, Asahikawa Medical College, 2\u20131-1\u20131 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan; 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