{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T19:21:45Z","timestamp":1791400905873,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"33","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Human attentional control is unrivaled. We recently proposed that adults depend on distinct frontoparietal and cinguloopercular networks for adaptive online task control versus more stable set control, respectively. During development, both experience-dependent evoked activity and spontaneous waves of synchronized cortical activity are thought to support the formation and maintenance of neural networks. Such mechanisms may encourage tighter \u201cintegration\u201d of some regions into networks over time while \u201csegregating\u201d other sets of regions into separate networks. Here we use resting state functional connectivity MRI, which measures correlations in spontaneous blood oxygenation level-dependent signal fluctuations between brain regions to compare previously identified control networks between children and adults. We find that development of the proposed adult control networks involves both segregation (i.e., decreased short-range connections) and integration (i.e., increased long-range connections) of the brain regions that comprise them. Delay\/disruption in the developmental processes of segregation and integration may play a role in disorders of control, such as autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and Tourette's syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705843104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,6]],"date-time":"2007-08-06T21:11:41Z","timestamp":1186434701000},"page":"13507-13512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1140,"title":["Development of distinct control networks through segregation and integration"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Damien A.","family":"Fair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of *Neurology, Radiology,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico U. F.","family":"Dosenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of *Neurology, Radiology,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica A.","family":"Church","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of *Neurology, Radiology,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander L.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of *Neurology, Radiology,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shefali","family":"Brahmbhatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis M.","family":"Miezin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of *Neurology, Radiology,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deanna M.","family":"Barch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of *Neurology, Radiology,"},{"name":"Psychology,"},{"name":"Anatomy and Neurobiology,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus E.","family":"Raichle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of *Neurology, Radiology,"},{"name":"Pediatrics, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven E.","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of *Neurology, Radiology,"},{"name":"Psychology,"},{"name":"Pediatrics, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley L.","family":"Schlaggar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of *Neurology, Radiology,"},{"name":"Pediatrics, and"},{"name":"**Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.18.030195.001205"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.04.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.167"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1088545"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.13.030190.000325"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704320104"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5587-06.2007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","first-page":"ix","volume-title":"Neurodevelopmental Disorders","author":"Johnson MH","year":"1999","unstructured":"MH Johnson, BF Pennington Neurodevelopmental Disorders, ed H Tager-Flusberg (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA), pp. ix (1999)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn755"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in Human and Natural Systems","author":"Holling CS","year":"2002","unstructured":"CS Holling, LH Gunderson Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in Human and Natural Systems, eds LH Gunderson, CS Holling (Island Press, Washington, DC), pp. 25\u201362 (2002)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910340409"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504136102"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.11.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/13.4.422"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35086012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35067550"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","author":"Raichle ME","year":"2007","unstructured":"ME Raichle, AZ Snyder NeuroImage, in press. (2007).","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0701519104"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05758"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/17126"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","volume-title":"The Organization of Behavior","author":"Hebb DO","year":"1949","unstructured":"DO Hebb The Organization of Behavior (Wiley, New York, 1949)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.11.5033"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-7687.2004.00365.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2006.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","volume-title":"Principles of Frontal Lobe Function","author":"Diamond A","year":"2002","unstructured":"A Diamond Principles of Frontal Lobe Function, eds DT Stuss, RT Knight (Oxford Univ Press, London) 466\u2013503 (2002)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0510088103"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2007.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00583-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0743"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069464"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","volume-title":"Applied Multiple Regression\/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen J","year":"1983","unstructured":"J Cohen, P Cohen Applied Multiple Regression\/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, 1983)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2683591"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn846"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6410(02)00215-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605493103"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35081509"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1308.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000249348.84045.0e"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(99)00080-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","volume-title":"The Postnatal Development of the Human Cerebral Cortex","author":"Conel JL","unstructured":"JL Conel The Postnatal Development of the Human Cerebral Cortex (Harvard Univ Press, Cambridge, MA, 1939\u20131963."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/13158"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(82)90379-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410220408"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80018-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2005.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhl006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0568"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini Y","year":"1995","unstructured":"Y Benjamini, Y Hochberg J R Stat Soc B 57, 289\u2013300 (1995).","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc B"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.0705843104","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,19]],"date-time":"2025-01-19T23:47:01Z","timestamp":1737330421000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.0705843104"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,14]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"33","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.0705843104"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0705843104","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-05-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-08-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}