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We recently reported that Taxol and other chemotherapeutic agents show striking synergistic antitumor activity in mice when immunotoxin SS1P, which targets the mesothelin antigen on solid tumors, is given with Taxol. Using a pair of Taxol-sensitive and Taxol-resistant KB tumors equally sensitive to immunotoxin SS1P, we examined the mechanism of synergy. We show that synergy is only observed with Taxol-sensitive tumors, ruling out an effect of Taxol on endothelial cells. We also show that the KB tumors have high levels of shed mesothelin in their extracellular space; these levels increase with tumor size and, after Taxol treatment, dramatically fall in the drug-sensitive but not the drug-resistant tumors. Because the mesothelin levels in the tumor exceed the levels of SS1P in the tumor, and because shed mesothelin is being continuously released into the circulation at a high rate, we propose that synergy is due to the Taxol-induced fall in shed antigen levels.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0708101104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,16]],"date-time":"2007-10-16T23:29:01Z","timestamp":1192577341000},"page":"17099-17104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Immunotoxin and Taxol synergy results from a decrease in shed mesothelin levels in the extracellular space of tumors"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Yujian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 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