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We now demonstrate a role for NKG2D and its ligands in this nonclassical NKT cell-mediated immune response to hepatitis B virus and in the subsequent acute hepatitis that ensues. Surface expression of NKG2D and one of its ligands (retinoic acid early inducible-1 or RAE-1) are modulated in an HBV-dependent manner. Furthermore, blockade of an NKG2D\u2013ligand interaction completely prevents the HBV- and CD1d-dependent, nonclassical NKT cell-mediated acute hepatitis and liver injury. This study has major implications for understanding activation of NKT cells and identifies a potential therapeutic target in treating hepatitis B viral infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0708968104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,8]],"date-time":"2007-11-08T20:35:02Z","timestamp":1194554102000},"page":"18187-18192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Blockade of NKG2D on NKT cells prevents hepatitis and the acute immune response to hepatitis B virus"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"S\u00edlvia","family":"Vilarinho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Medicine,"},{"name":"Liver Center,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kouetsu","family":"Ogasawara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Cancer Research Institute, 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