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FES stimulation induced surprising recovery of muscle structure, mass, and force even in patients whose muscles had been denervated for prolonged periods before the beginning of FES training (up to 2 years) and had almost completely lost muscle-specific internal organization. Ninety percent (or more) of the fibers analyzed by electron microscopy showed a striking recovery of the ultrastructural organization of myofibrils and Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -handling membrane systems. This functional\/structural restoration follows a pattern that mimics some aspects of normal muscle differentiation. 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