{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T03:05:43Z","timestamp":1792292743208,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Human eosinophils contain abundant amounts of 15-lipoxygenase (LO)-1. The biological role of 15-LO-1 in humans, however, is unclear. Incubation of eosinophils with arachidonic acid led to formation of a product with a UV absorbance maximum at 282 nm and shorter retention time than leukotriene (LT)C\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    in reverse-phase HPLC. Analysis with positive-ion electrospray tandem MS identified this eosinophil metabolite as 14,15-LTC\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    . This metabolite could be metabolized to 14,15-LTD\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    and 14,15-LTE\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    in eosinophils. Because eosinophils are such an abundant source of these metabolites and to avoid confusion with 5-LO-derived LTs, we suggest the names eoxin (EX)C\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    , -D\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and -E\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    instead of 14,15-LTC\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    , -D\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and -E\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    , respectively. Cord blood-derived mast cells and surgically removed nasal polyps from allergic subjects also produced EXC\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Incubation of eosinophils with arachidonic acid favored the production of EXC\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    , whereas challenge with calcium ionophore led to exclusive formation of LTC\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Eosinophils produced EXC\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    after challenge with the proinflammatory agents LTC\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    , prostaglandin D\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and IL-5, demonstrating that EXC\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    can be synthesized from the endogenous pool of arachidonic acid. EXs induced increased permeability of endothelial cell monolayer\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , indicating that EXs can modulate and enhance vascular permeability, a hallmark of inflammation. In this model system, EXs were 100 times more potent than histamine and almost as potent as LTC\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    and LTD\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Taken together, this article describes the formation of proinflammatory EXs, in particular in human eosinophils but also in human mast cells and nasal polyps.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0710127105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,9]],"date-time":"2008-01-09T21:05:49Z","timestamp":1199912749000},"page":"680-685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":158,"title":["Eoxins are proinflammatory arachidonic acid metabolites produced via the 15-lipoxygenase-1 pathway in human eosinophils and mast cells"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Stina","family":"Feltenmark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Biolipox AB, Berzelius V\u00e4g 3, SE-171 65 Solna, Sweden;"},{"name":"Departments of \u2020Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics 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