{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T21:24:44Z","timestamp":1790976284173,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Failures to arrest growth in response to senescence or\n transforming growth factor \u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2) are key derangements\n associated with carcinoma progression. We report that activation of\n telomerase activity may overcome both inhibitory pathways. Ectopic\n expression of the human telomerase catalytic subunit, hTERT, in\n cultured human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) lacking both telomerase\n activity and p16\n                    <jats:sup>INK4A<\/jats:sup>\n                    resulted in gaining the ability to\n maintain indefinite growth in the absence and presence of TGF-\u03b2. The\n ability to maintain growth in TGF-\u03b2 was independent of telomere\n length and required catalytically active telomerase capable of telomere\n maintenance\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The capacity of ectopic hTERT to\n induce TGF-\u03b2 resistance may explain our previously described gain of\n TGF-\u03b2 resistance after reactivation of endogenous\n telomerase activity in rare carcinogen-treated HMEC. In those HMEC that\n overcame senescence, both telomerase activity and TGF-\u03b2 resistance\n were acquired gradually during a process we have termed conversion.\n This effect of hTERT may model a key change occurring during\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    human breast carcinogenesis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.071483998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:37:36Z","timestamp":1027679856000},"page":"4498-4503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Expression of the telomerase catalytic subunit, hTERT, induces resistance to transforming growth factor \u03b2 growth inhibition in p16\n                    <sup>INK4A<\/sup>\n                    (\u2212) human mammary epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Martha 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