{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:06:34Z","timestamp":1791273994815,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a leading cause of infectious childhood mortality worldwide. Most research efforts have hitherto focused on disease isolates belonging to only a few hypervirulent clonal lineages. However, up to 10% of the healthy human population is temporarily colonized by genetically diverse strains mostly with little or no pathogenic potential. Currently, little is known about the biology of carriage strains and their evolutionary relationship with disease isolates. The expression of a polysaccharide capsule is the only trait that has been convincingly linked to the pathogenic potential of\n                    <jats:italic>N. meningitidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . To gain insight into the evolution of virulence traits in this species, whole-genome sequences of three meningococcal carriage isolates were obtained. Gene content comparisons with the available genome sequences from three disease isolates indicate that there is no core pathogenome in\n                    <jats:italic>N. meningitidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . A comparison of the chromosome structure suggests that a filamentous prophage has mediated large chromosomal rearrangements and the translocation of some candidate virulence genes. Interspecific comparison of the available\n                    <jats:italic>Neisseria<\/jats:italic>\n                    genome sequences and dot blot hybridizations further indicate that the insertion sequence IS\n                    <jats:italic>1655<\/jats:italic>\n                    is restricted only to\n                    <jats:italic>N. meningitidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ; its low sequence diversity is an indicator of an evolutionarily recent population bottleneck. A genome-based phylogenetic reconstruction provides evidence that\n                    <jats:italic>N. meningitidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    has emerged as an unencapsulated human commensal from a common ancestor with\n                    <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Neisseria lactamica<\/jats:italic>\n                    and consecutively acquired the genes responsible for capsule synthesis via horizontal gene transfer.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800151105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,27]],"date-time":"2008-02-27T21:37:26Z","timestamp":1204148246000},"page":"3473-3478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":163,"title":["Whole-genome comparison of disease and carriage strains provides insights into virulence evolution in\n                    <i>Neisseria meningitidis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Christoph","family":"Schoen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Blom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biotechnology, University of Bielefeld, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 27, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Claus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Schramm-Gl\u00fcck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of W\u00fcrzburg, 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